Analysis of Some Heavy Metals in Cow Skin (Ponmo) Sold at Major Markets in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.3
Keywords:
Atan, Lusada, Ota, Pomo, Heavy metalAbstract
Many of the food markets in Nigeria are open markets where foodstuffs are usually sold on open flat trays, wooden materials and baskets. Foods on sale in the open marketplace are at high risk of being contaminated by heavy metals. This study aimed at determining the occurrence of heavy metals in cow skin (ponmo) sold at the major markets in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State. The wet and dried forms of ponmo were sampled from three major markets, Lusada, Atan and Ota. Thirty samples of the food items were analysed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Most of the toxic heavy metals were detected (Ni, 25.62±1.55-70.45±2.44; Pb, 1.02±0.56-1.99±0.86) in both ponmo forms. However, Cd was detected only in the dried ponmo and in only one of the markets. These non-essential metals were detected in very high concentrations above maximum allowable limits by international regulatory agencies (USDA). Where detected, Mn (46.84±1.54- 83.11±2.04) was also higher than the limits that are allowed in food in the two ponmo forms only in Ota and Atan markets. Zinc (8.86±0.81-11.70±0.96) was the only metal that was generally below the regulatory limits in the ponmo forms across the three markets. The present study shows that the cow skin on sale around the study area is not entirely free from heavy metal contamination and this may have health consequences.
References
Hassan Z, Hashim MJ, Khan G. Population risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Nigeria at sub-national level. The Pan Afr Med J. 2020; 35(2):131.
Umar S, Aminu A, Suhasini, K. Leather Value Chain Study in Katsina State, Nigeria: Cost and Return Analysis. Res J Agric Forest Sci. 2015; 3(11):10-20.
Akwetey WY, Eremong DC, Donkoh E. Chemical and Nutrient Composition of Cattle Hide (“welle”) using different processing methods J Anim Sci Adv. 2013; 3(4):176-180.
Kalu E, Nwanta JA, Anaga AO. Determination of the Presence and Concentration of Heavy Metal in Cattle Hides Singed in Nsukka Abattoir. J Vet Med Anim Hus. 2014; 7(1):9-17.
Udoh UH, Inyang UA, Akpan PJ. Reviewing the Issues About Cattle Hides Consumption in Nigeria: An Advocacy Against Eating Pomo. J Anim Prod Res. 2018; 30(1):01-11.
Funke K. Cow Skin (Pomo) - To Eat or Not to Eat,” Funke Koleosho‟s food blog, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2020.Available from http://funke-koleosho. blogspot.com.ng/
Okafor CS, Okeke CE, Omuku PE and Okafor NC. Heavy Metal Contents Assessment of Cow-hide Singed with Firewood (Bamboo). Biochem Ind J. 2012; 6(7):243-245.
Olukitibi TA, Adetuyi FC, Adeleke BS and Abe SC. Isolation and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Processed and Unprocessed Cow-skin (Pomo) in Ogbese Market. J Adv Microbiol. 2017; 2(4):1-8.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Specific maximum levels of contaminants in food (Jim Butterworth and Wu Bugang) Foreign Agric Services GAIN Report Global GAIN Report CH6064, 2006. 1-60 p.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Nickel Metal and Other Compounds (as Ni), NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Atlanta, GA: Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010.
National Toxicology Program (NTC). Nickel Compounds and Metallic Nickel, Report on Carcinogens. Fourteenth Edition. Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health and Safety, 2016.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Nickel and Nickel Compounds, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 100C, Lyon, France: World Health Organization, 2012.
Odoh R, Ogah E, Ushie OA. Determination of Some Heavy Metals Profiles in Meat of Domesticated Animals in the Vicinity of Kaduna South Industrial Area, Nigeria. FUW Trends Sci Technol J. 2016; 1(2):337-343.
Solidum JM, Maylea JD, Ar-Raquib DCA, Evangelista JH and Mary Joy Ann VN. Quantitative Analysis of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium found in Selected Fish marketed in Metro Manila, Philippines. Int J Environ Sci Dev. 2013; 4(2):207-212.
Rodjana C. Cadmium Exposure and Potential Health Risk from Foods in Contaminated Area, Thailand. J Toxicol Res. 2016; 32(1):65-72.
Binkowski LJ. Preliminary Results of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in Pectoral Muscles of Mallards and Coots Shot in 2006 In Southern Poland. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci. 2012; 1:1120-1128.
Abd EI-Salam NM, Ahmad S, Basir A, Rais AK, Bibi A, Ullah R, Shad AA, Muhammad Z and Hussain I. Distribution of heavy metals in the liver, kidney, heart, pancreas and meat of cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and chicken from Kohat market Pakistan. Life Sci J. 2013; 10:937-940.
Harlia E and Balia LR. The Food Safety of Livestock Products (Meatball, Corned Beef, Beef Burger and Sausage) Studied from Heavy Metal Residues Contamination. Anim Prod. 2010; 12(1):50-54.
World Health Organisation (WHO) Lead. In: Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants,” Fifty-third meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), Geneva: 2000; WHO Food Additives, Series 2000; 44:273-312.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
