Preliminary Evaluation of Repellent and Tsetse-cidal Potentials of Botanical Aromatic Essential Oils Against Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans - Hand-in-cage Test
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Abstract
Essential oils from a plethora of plants have proven effective in controlling arthropod vectors of medical, veterinary, and agricultural importance. Interruption of tsetse fly-human contact is crucial to the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis. Essential oils of Hyptis suaveolensis, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted by hydro-distillation. A preliminary laboratory-based hand-in-cage repellent and tsetse-cidal activity evaluation was conducted using 10%, 50%, and 100% of each essential oil against male and female, teneral and non-teneral Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans, using isopropyl alcohol as a diluent. There was no significant difference between the mean number of tsetse flies landing on the isopropyl-treated arm across all tsetse fly groups (p = 0.8269). All concentrations of essential oil elicited an appreciable percentage repellency of 100%, with zero tsetse fly landings, except for 10% C. winterianus essential oil, which had an average of 2.67 landings by male G. m. submorsitans and 19.67% percentage repellency. There was no significant difference between protection times for all essential oils and concentrations used across sex groups, teneral status, and species of tsetse fly (p = 0.713). Conclusively, these aromatic plants could be regarded as potential repellents against tsetse flies and a promising, safe, and degradable tsetse fly repellent.
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