The Profiling of Bioactive Compounds from Sargassum Sp. Extract and the Antibacterial Potential on Tembe Nggoli Woven Fabric Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
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Abstract
Tembe Nggoli is a traditional woven fabric from Bima City, Indonesia, produced using natural cotton yarn with hygroscopic properties that enhance comfort but also support bacterial growth, potentially leading to skin irritation or infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of bioactive compounds from Sargassum sp. as antibacterial agents and their role in enhancing the functional properties of Tembe Nggoli fabric. Bioactive compounds were extracted through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using ethyl acetate, methanol, and n-hexane, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation. The chemical profiles were subjected to rigorous analysis using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (O–H), alkyl (C–H), carbonyl (C=O), and ether (C–O), signifying the presence of various bioactive constituents. However, GC-MS analysis identified hexadecanoic acid as the predominant compound, which was well-documented for the established antibacterial properties. The ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibition against S. aureus, with zones measuring 1.20 mm at 80% concentration (Agar Well Diffusion) and 1.16 mm at 40% concentration (paper disk). The extract had a diminished activity against E. coli, suggesting enhanced resistance. The results showed that Sargassum sp. extract, particularly the type derived from ethyl acetate, could enhance the antibacterial properties of cotton-based textiles such as Tembe Nggoli. The use of natural antibacterial agents would enhance the hygienic quality of the fabric as well as contribute to the sustainable development and added value of traditional textile products.
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