Gnetum Genus: Review on its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities

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Published: 2025-07-31
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i7.2
Keywords:
pharmacological activities, stilbene, phytochemical, Gnetaceae, Gnetum

Main Article Content

Kamsirah Jim Shamsudin
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 
Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 
Nurunajah Ab. Ghani
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 

Abstract

Gnetum belongs to the family Gnetaceae and is commonly found in tropical and humid regions of Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. Plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine to treat conditions such as arthritis, bronchitis, and asthma. Gnetum is recognized as a rich source of stilbenes, and numerous studies have reported the presence of stilbenes along with other bioactive constituents, including alkaloids and flavonoids. These compounds contribute to various health benefits, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological activities of Gnetum species. Data were collected from scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. Phytochemical investigations have identified approximately 149 bioactive compounds in Gnetum, including stilbenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. These isolated compounds exhibit significant pharmacological properties, such as cytotoxicity, antidiabetic effects, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review highlights the traditional applications, phytochemical profiles, and pharmacological potential of Gnetum species. It confirms that several Gnetum species have been widely utilized in traditional medicine for treating various ailments. Future research in phytomedicine should focus on further exploring the phytochemistry and pharmacological mechanisms of this genus to unlock its full therapeutic potential.

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Vol. 9 No. 7 (2025): Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR)

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Kamsirah Jim Shamsudin, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 

Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 

Nurulfazlina Edayah Rasol, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 

Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 

Nurunajah Ab. Ghani, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 

Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3 Building, Universiti Teknologi MARA, UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

How to Cite

Gnetum Genus: Review on its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities. (2025). Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research , 9(7), 2941 – 2963. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i7.2

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