Molecular Discrimination and Phylogenetic Relationship of some Medicinal Plants Using the Plastidial rbcL Gene: A Case Study of Lannea species
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Abstract
The conventional taxonomic system is not without inherent limitations, and this often leads to misidentification of medicinal plants and, consequently, adulteration. To overcome this challenge, sequencing of genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been used as a standardized method of plant identification. Thus, this study was carried out to discriminate some members of the Lannea species (L. welwitschia, L. coromandelica, L. microcarpa and L. barteri) towards providing genetic data for proper identification and quality control of these medicinal plants. Genomic DNA was isolated using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, and its purity and concentration were measured with a spectrophotometer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, purification of PCR products, and quality assessment were conducted following standard procedures. PCR products sequencing was conducted using a sequencing kit. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed utilizing molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA v6) and BioEdit software. PCR amplification of the rbcL gene marker was significantly successful. The rbcL amplicons generated high-quality sequences, and basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analysis correctly matched L. welwitschia and L. coromandelica with hits >95%. Phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed clear differentiation in Lannea species. This study generated genetic data that can be used to authenticate these Lannea species members, thereby enhancing the safety and effectiveness of these medicinal plants within Nigeria's traditional medical system.
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