Bioactive Metabolites from Aristolochia navicularis of Souk Ahras: Therapeutic Insights
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Abstract
Aristolochia navicularis is extensively utilized in traditional medicine for its various pharmacological attributes; however, no research has been undertaken on A. navicularis, a species indigenous to Algeria and historically employed for its medicinal benefits. This study investigates the bioactive compounds and biological activities of different extracts of Aristolochia navicularis (A. navicularis) sourced from Souk Ahras, Algeria, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and various bioactivity assays. HPLC analysis revealed solvent-dependent extraction profiles, with the n-butanol extract being rich in ascorbic acid (39.7%), while ethyl acetate provided a broader range of compounds, including caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and acetylsalicylic acid. GC-MS analysis showed a variety of compounds across hydroalcoholic, petroleum ether, and dichloromethane extracts, with notable molecules such as exaltolide and hexadecanoic acid in the hydroalcoholic extract, and hydrocarbons like dodecane and hexadecane in the petroleum ether extract, indicating potential uses in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The total phenolic content was highest in the n-butanol extract (156.45 µg GAE/mg), followed by ethyl acetate (127.23 µg GAE/mg). Regarding antioxidant activity, the n-butanol fraction exhibited significant DPPH scavenging potential (IC50 = 196.15 µg/mL), while the chloroform fraction was the most effective in the β-carotene bleaching assay (IC50 = 158.37 µg/mL). In terms of anticholinesterase activity, the crude extract and chloroform fraction exhibited strong inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC50 values of 16.75 and 15.98 µg/mL, respectively. These findings underscore the diverse bioactive potential of A. navicularis, suggesting its suitability for various applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial products.
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