Chemical Composition, Acute Oral Toxicity and Analgesic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Mimusops coriacea (A.DC) Miq (Sapotaceae) http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i4.3
Main Article Content
Abstract
Mimusops coriacea is used traditionally as a tonic, febrifuge, and in the treatment of cystitis, diarrhea and dysentery. In Ecuador the plant is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, however, there is limited scientific evidence to support this claim. The study therefore is aimed at determining the chemical composition, acute oral toxicity and analgesic activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, bark and fruits of Mimusops coriacea. The 80% hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, bark, and fruits (green and ripe), were obtained by maceration. The extracts were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric (GC MS) analysis. An oral acute toxicity test was performed in rats according to the OECD draft guideline 423. The analgesic activity of the extracts was evaluated by the acetic acid-induced abdominal contortion model in mice. The GC-MS analysis of the extracts shows variations in the type and relative abundance of some metabolites in the different plant parts. The predominant metabolites identified are fatty acids with palmitic and stearic acids as the major compounds in the leaves, bark and green fruits extracts, while benzoic acid was majorly in the ripe fruits extract. Other compounds identified are terpenoids, sugars, and amino acid. The extracts showed no sign of toxicity after acute oral administration. The leaves and bark extracts had higher analgesic effect compared to the fruits extract. The study therefore lends credence to the traditional use of M. coriacea as an analgesic agent.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Odira HO, Mitema SO, Mapenay IM, Moriasi GA. Antiinflammatory, analgesic, and cytotoxic effects of the phytexponent: a polyherbal formulation. J Evid Based Compl Altern Med. 2022; 27:1-10.
Rafieian-kopaei M, Shakiba A, Sedighi M, Bahmani M. Analgesic and anti-Inflammatory activity of Linum usitatissimum in Balb/c Mice. J Evid Based Compl Altern Med. 2017; 22(4):892-896.
Kumar KH and Elavarasi P. Definition of pain and classification of pain disorders. J Adv Clin Res Insights 2016; 3:87-90.
Kumatia EK, Ayertey F, Appiah AA, Ocloo A. Analgesic, anti-Inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Clausena anisata leaf and stem extracts and quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis of their contents. De Pharma Chem. 2018; 1(4):16-23.
Marmitt DJ, Bitencourt S, Silva ADC, Goettert MI, Rempel C. Medicinal plants of renisus with analgesic activity. JCR. 2016; 3(3):1-4.
Ullah HMA, Zaman S, Juhara F, Akter L, Tareq SM, Masum EH, Bhattacharjee R. Evaluation of antinociceptive, in vivo & in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome. BMC Compl Altern Med. 2014; 14(346):1-12
Geremew H, Shibeshi W, Tamiru W, Engdawork E. Experimental evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala Bak. F. in mice. Ethiop Pharm J. 2015;31(1):15-26.
Mondal A, Maity TK, Bishayee A. Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of quercetin-3-methoxy-4´-glucosyl-7-glucoside isolated from Indian medicinal plant Melothria heterophylla. Med. 2019; 6 (59):1-11.
Gillani SS and Shahwar D. Investigation of antioxidant activity in Mimusops elengi. J Plant Biochem Physiol. 2017; 5(4): 1-4.
Konuku K, Karri KC, Gopalakrishnan VK, Hagos Z, Kebede H, Naidu TK, Noyola PP, Palleti JD, Rao Duddukuri GRD. Anti-inflammatory activity of Manilkara zapota leaf extract. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2017; 9(4):130-134.
Kiran Kumar HA, Mandal BK, Mohan Kumar K, Maddinedi Sb, Sai Kumar T, Madhiyazhagan P, Ghosh AR. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Mimusops elengiseed extract mediated isotropic silver nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta Part A: Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2014; 130:13-18.
Saradha S, Ruckmani A, Chokkalingam M, Maignanakumar R, Arunkumar R, Madhavi E, Lakshmipathy Prabhu R. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Manilkara zapota seeds in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 6(2):434-437.
Baliga MS, Pai RJ, Bhat HP, Palatty PL, Boloor R. Chemistry and medicinal properties of the Bakul (Mimusops elengi Linn): a review. Food Res Int. 2011; 44(7):1823–1829
Semenya S, Potgieter M, Erasmus L. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Bapedi healers to treat diabetes mellitus in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 141(1):440-445.
Erazo N. Compendium of medicinal plants of Ecuador. Riobamba: Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo. 2010. Available from:
https://www.google.com/search?q=Erazo+N.+2010. Compendio+de+plantas+medicinales+del+Ecuador.+Rioba
mba%3A+Escuela+Superior+Polit%C3%A9cnica+de+Chimborazo.&oq=Erazo+N.+2010.+Compendio+de+plantas+medicinales+del+Ecuador.+Riobamba%3A+Escuela+Superior+Polit%C3%A9cnica+de+Chimborazo.&aqs=chrome.69i57.3451j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [Access: 05-07-
.
Bustamante PKE, Gutiérrez GYI, Chóez GIA, Miranda MM. Composición química, capacidad antioxidante y actividad antiinflamatoria de los frutos de Mimusops coriacea (A.DC) Mig (Sapotaceae) que crece en Ecuador. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 2021; 9 (1):33-48.
Bustamante PKE, Gutiérrez GYI, Pesantes DOG, Miranda MM. Phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characterization of leaves and bark of Mimusops coriacea (A.DC) Miq from Ecuador. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2020; 4(9):578-585.
Bustamante K, Santos-Ordóñez E, Miranda M, Pacheco R, Gutiérrez Y, Scull R. Morphological and molecular barcode analysis of the medicinal tree Mimusops coriacea (A.DC.) Miq. collected in Ecuador. Peer J. 2019; 7:e7789.
Saitta M, Curto S, Lo Salvo F, Bella GDi, Dugo G. Gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric identification of phenolic compounds in Sicilian olive oils. Anal Chim Acta. 2002; 466(2):335-344.
Jiménez HME, Gutiérrez GYI, Chóez GI, Miranda MM. Pharmacognostic, Chemical and Anti-inflammatory Activity Study of Two Varieties of Tropaeolum tuberosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze (Tropaeolaceae). Int J Pharm Chem. 2020; 6(4):41-53.
OECD Guideline for testing of Chemicals, 2001. Guideline 423: Acute Oral Toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method 2001.
Koster R, Anderson M, De Beer EJ. Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Fed Proc. 1959; 18:412-417p.
Ukwubile CA and Oise IE. Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activity of Physalis angulata Linn. (Solanaceae) leaf methanol extract in swiss albino mice. Int Biol Biomed J. 2016; 2(4):167-170.
Vogel HG and Vogel WH. Writhing tests. Drug discovery and evaluations. Pharmacological assays. 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin; 2002. 759-867 p.
Diehl KH, Hull R, Morton D, Pfister R, Rabemampianina Y, Smith D, Vidal JM, de Vorstenbosch C. A Good Practice Guide to the Administration of Substances and Removal of Blood, Including Routes and Volumes. J Appl Toxicol. 2001; 21:15-23.
The World Medical Association. WMA Statement on the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research. 2016. Available from: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-dela-amm-sobre-el-uso-de-animales-en-la-investigacionbiomedica/[Cited March 2, 2019].
Ekambaram H, Udayashankara A, Shivalingegowda M, Manjunath K. Evaluation of Antioxidant property and GCMS profiling of methanolic leaf extract of Mimusops elengi. Solid State Technol. 2020; 63(5). Available from: http://solidstatetechnology.us/index.phd/JSST/article/view/6
Chivandi E, Mukonowenzou N, Berliner D. The coastal redmilkwood (Mimusops caffra) seed: Proximate, mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition. S. Afr J. Bot. 2015; 102:137-141.
Mngadi S, Moodley R, Jonnalagadda SB. Elemental composition and nutritional value of the edible fruits of coastal red-milkwood (Mimusops caffra) and impact of soil quality on their chemical characteristics. J Environ Sci Health B. 2017; 52(7):1-11.
Gomes MN, Augustine TN, Moyo D, Chivandi E. Differential response of breast cancer cell lines to Kigelia africana, Ximenia caffra and Mimusops zeyheri seed oils. S. Afr J Bot. 2019; 121(2019):463-469.
El Qarnifa S, El Antari A, Hafidi A. Effect of maturity and environmental conditions on chemical composition of olive oils of introduced cultivars in Morocco. Hindawi. J. Food Qual. 2019; 2019, Article ID 1854539, 1-14.
Miranda MM and Cuellar AC. Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of natural products. 2nd Edition Felix Varela, Havana; 2012. 135-145 p, 261-280 p.
Aular Y, Villamizar M, Perez Y, Perez V. Chemical composition and acute oral toxicity of Lippia alba essential oil in mice. Rev. Salus. UC. 2016; 20(1):43-51.
Torres RML, Garcia CE, Soto PGA, Aradillas GC, Cubillas TAC. Evaluation of the acute toxicity in vivo of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Calea urticifolia. Bot Sci. 2016; 94 (1):133-140.
Guo J, Zhang DE, Yu C, Yao L, Chen Z, Tao Y, Cao W. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and analgesic activities of Incarvillea compacta Maxim from the Tibetan Plateau. Mol. 2019; 24(1692):1- 20.
Ezeja MI, Ezeigbo II, Madubuike KG. Analgesic activity of the methanolic seed extract of Buchholzia coriacea. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2011; 2(1):187-193.
Naher S, Aziz A, Alter I, Mushiur RSM, Sajon SR. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of methanolic extract of Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. Leaves. J Res Pharm. 2019; 23(2):198-207.
Ahmed S, Hasan MM, Mahmood ZA. Macrotyloma uniflorum (LAM.) VERDC. (Papilionaceae): A review of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016; 5(2):51-62.
Hill CL, March LM, Aitken D, Lester SE, Battersby R, Hynes K, Fedorova T, Proudman SM, James M, Cleland LG, Jones G. Fish oil in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised clinical trial of low dose versus high dose. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75(1):23-29.
Sibille KT, King C, Garrett TJ, Glover TL, Zhang H, Chen H, Reddy D, Goodin BR, Sotolongo A, Petrov ME, Almeida YC, Herbert M, Bartley EJ, Edberg JC, Staud R, Redden DT, Bradley LA, and Fillingim RB. Omega-6: Omega-3 PUFA Ratio, Pain, Functioning, and Distress in Adults with Knee Pain. Clin J Pain. 2018; 34(2):182-189.
Sandford FM, Sanders TA, Wilson H, Lewis JS. A randomised controlled trial of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of rotator cuff related shoulder pain. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018; 4(1):e000414.
Ko GD, Nowacki NB, Arseneau L, Eitel M, Hum A. Omega-3 fatty acids for neuropathic pain: case series. Clin J Pain. 2010; 26(2):168-172.
Ramsden CE, Faurot KR, Zamora D, Palsson OS, Maclntosh BA, Gaylord S, Ringel A, Hibbeln JR, Feldstein AE, Mori TA, Bardn A, Lynch C, Coble R, Mas E, Palsson O, Barrow DA, Mann DJ. Targeted alteration of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for the treatment of chronic headaches: a
randomized trial. Pain 2015; 156(4):587-596.
Laino CH. Use of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. J Clin Res Pain Anaesth 2019; 1(2):1-7.
Dragomanova S, Tancheva L, Georgieva M, Klisurov R. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of monoterpenoid myrtenal in Rodents. Journal of IMAB. 2019; 25(1):2406-2413.
Aragão GF, Cunha PMC, Nogueira BP, Gomes LTL, de Barros VGS. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the isomeric mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) march. J Herb Pharmacother. 2007; 7(2):31-47.
de-Almeida SCX, da-Silva ÂCF, Sousa NRT, Amorim IHF, Leite BG, Neves KRT, Costa JGM, felipe CFB, de Barros Viana GS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a triterpene-rich fraction from Himatanthus drasticus. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2019; 52(5): e7798-e7810.
Purnima A, Koti BC, Thippeswamy AHM, Jaji MS, Vishwantha Swamy AHM, Kurhe YV. Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Mimusops elengi Linn. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010; 72(4):480-485.
Nasrin M, Dash PR, Saha MR. Investigation of analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of methanolic bark extract of Mimusops elengi. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011; 2(8):2050-2055.