Extract of Costus spectabilis Attenuates H2O2-Induced Cataract in Cultured Rat Lenses
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v3i4.7
Keywords:
Cataract,, Opacity of lens,, Pixel intensity,, Phytochemical constituentAbstract
Ethno-medicinally, fresh sap from the rhizome of Costus spectabilis (CS) or its water extract has been used as eye drop in the management of cataract. The present study is aimed at verifying this claim using H2O2-induced cataract model on isolated, cultured rat lenses. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were verified according to standard methods. Isolated lenses from adult Sprague-Dawley albino rats were cultured in 24-well plates and treated with o without 0.5 mM of H2O2, 0.5 mM of H2O2 plus 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, or 2 mg/mL of CS for 24 hrs. Cataract or lens opacity was assessed by scoring and measurement of pixel intensity. Tota protein (TPC), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) level or activity in lens homogenate was measured. Hydrogen peroxide 0.5 mM induced obvious opacity of the lens, but 0.5 mg/mL of CS significantly (P ≤ 0.001) decreased it. Other doses of CS demonstrated mild decrease in cataract formation or opacity of lens. Furthermore 0.5 mM of H2O2 caused significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) of TPC, GSH and increase of MDA leve in the lens, but this has not been significantly reversed by CS (0.5-2 mg/ml). The identified phytochemical constituents of the extract include; Steroids, Triterpenes, saponins and flavonoids. The observed activity of the extract may be attributed to the presence of one or some of these constituents.
References
Johnson GJ and Foster A. Prevalence, incidence and distribution of visual impairment. In: Johnson GJ, Minassian DC, Weale RA and Sheila KW edns, The epidimiology of eye disease, 2nd Edn. Hodder Arnold London, UK. 2003.13-28 p.
Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82:844-851.
Mahdi AM, Rabiu M, Gilbert C, Sivasubramaniam S, Murthy GVS, Ezelum C, Entekume G.; for the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Study Group. Prevalence and risk factors for lens opacities in Nigeria: results of the National Blindness and Low Vision Survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014; 55:2642- 651.
The Ophthalmological Society of Nigeria. Vision for the future—Nigeria : a strategic plan to prevent and restore vision in Nigeria. Blue Print of The Int. Counc. For Ophthal. Version 1, 2005; 35–56 p.
Ferlemi AV, Makri OE, Georgakopoulos CD, Lamari FN. In Search of a "Natural" Treatment of Cataract. Med Arom Plants. 2013; 2(2) :100e144.
Biswas S, Harris F, Dennison S, Singh J, Phoenix DA. Calpains : targets of cataract prevention? Trends Mol Med.. 2004; 10:78-84.
Shehu S and Dauda B. Inventory of Medicinal Plants used in the Treatment of Eye Ailments in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Nig J Pharm Sci..2018; 17(1):68-75.
Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmocognosy. Elseviers. 2009. 10 – 11 p.
Lokesh JS. Evaluation of Echitamine, Ditamine and Echitenine for Anti-catarct Activity using in-vitro cataract Model. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2015; 5(05):065-067.
Suchita D, Sudipta S, Guarav K, Shubhini AS. Effect of Standardized Fruit Extract of Luffa cylindrica on Peroxide-induced cataract. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015; 47(6):644-648.
Shruthi S, Lee Anne M, Chiara B, Pierre M, Armin W, Salah DC, Francois P, Steve B, Nandita S, Elba C, Maya G, Parul P, Albert R. The Use of Rat Lens Explant Cultures to Study the Mechanism of Drug-Induced Cataractogenesis. Toxicol Sci. 2012; 126(1):128–139.
Dickerson JE Jr, Dotzel E, Clark AF. Steroid - induced cataract: New Perspective from in vitro and lens culture studies. Exp Eye Res. 1997; 65:507–516.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J Biol. Chem. 1951; 193:265-275.
Ellman GL. Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1959; 82:70–77.
Rajagopalan R, Kode A, Penumatha SV, Kallikat NR, Venugopal PM. Comparative effects of curcumin and an analog of curcumin on alcohol and PUFA induced oxidative stress. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2004; 83:2747-2752.
Akanji MA, Adeyemi OS, Oguntoye SO, Suleiman F. Psidium guavaja extract reduces trypanosomiasis associate lipid peroxidation and raised glutathione concentration in infected animals. Excli J. 2009; 8:148-154.
Fridovich I. Superoxide Dismutases. An Adaptation to a Paramagnetic Gas. The J Bio Chem. 1989; 264:7761-7764.
Yun Li, Ya-Zhen Liu, Jing-Ming Shi, Song-Bai Jia. Alpha lipoic acid protects lens from H2O2-induced cataract by inhibiting apoptosis of lens epithelial cells and inducing activation of anti-oxidative enzymes. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2013; 548-551.
Ajani EO, Salako AA, Sharlie PD, Akinleye WA, Adeoye AO, Salau BA, Adebawo OO. Chemopreventive and remediation effect of Hydrocotyl bonariensis Comm. Ex Lam (Apiaceae) leave extract in galactose-induced cataract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 123(2009):134–142.
Burton GJ and Jauniaux E. Oxidative stress. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2011; 25:287–299.
Spector A and Garner WH. Hydrogen peroxide and human cataract. Exp Eye Res. 1981; 33:673–681.
Zhao L, Chen XJ, Zhu J, Xi YB,Yang X, Hu LD, Ouyang H, Patel SH, Jin X, Lin D, Wu F, Flagg K, Cai H, Li G, Cao G, Lin Y, Chen D, Wen C, Chung C,Wang Y, Qiu A, Yeh E, Wang W, Hu X, Grob S, Abagyan R, Su Z, Tjondro HC, Zhao XJ, Luo H, Hou R, Jefferson J, Perry P, Gao W, Kozak I, Granet D, Li Y, Sun X, Wang J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Yan YB, Zhang K. Lanosterol reverses protein aggregation in cataracts. Nature. 2015; 523:607–611.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
