Effects of Thesium viride Extract and Fractions on Some Liver Biochemical Parameters in CCl4-Induced Damage in Wistar Rats
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.30
Keywords:
Liver, Serum, Biochemical, Oxidants, ThesiumAbstract
Thesium viride is a hemi-parasite used in the treatment of jaundice, liver enlargement, and splenomegaly. The study investigated the effects of 70% aqueous ethanol extract (AETV) and fractions of T. viride on some liver biochemical parameters in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in rats. Rats were grouped into 9 groups; normal, liver damage, silymarin treated, AETV 200 mg/kg treated, AETV 400 mg/kg treated, ethyl acetate fraction (ETV) 200 mg/kg treated, ETV 400 mg/kg treated, butanol fraction (BTV) 200 mg/kg treated and BTV 400 mg/kg treated rats. Treatment was for 7 days while on the 8th day CCl4 was administered and after 24 hours the rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and the serum was separated for biochemical parameters evaluation. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed and oxidative stress parameters in liver specimen were analysed using spectrophotometric method. Results showed that extract and fractions significantly reduced ALP level. AST and ALT level were significantly reduced in the fractions treated group in a dose-dependent manner. No significant difference was observed between different extract treated group in AST and ALT level. There was a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation by the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in all treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in all the treated groups. The study indicates that the extract and fractions of T. viride protect and improves the antioxidant enzymes in liver against CCl4-induced liver damage.
References
Shehu S, Abubakar M, Ibrahim G, Iliyasu U. Phytochemical and Antibacterial Studies on Aqueous Ethanol Extract of Thesium viride (Santalaceae). Br J Pharm Res. 2016; 11(2):1-6.
Bosch CH. Thesium viride AW Hill. In: G. A. Schmelzer GH, ed. Plant Resource of Tropical Africa. Netherlands: PROTA Foundation, Wageningen. 2007.
African Plant Database. In: s.l.:Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. 2012.
Polhill RM. Flora of Tropical East Africa, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom. 2005; 27p.
Iwu MM. Handbook of African medicinal plants, second edition. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition. 2014; 1-431p.
Shehu S, Ibrahim G, Iliyasu U, Shehu S, Nuhu A, Abubakar M. Evaluation of antiulcer activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Thesium viride on ethanol and aspirin-induced models in rats. Bayero J Pure Appl Sci. 2017; 9(2):82.
Joshy C, Thahimon PA, Arun Kumar R, Carla B, Sunil C. Hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Flacourtia montana J. Grah leaf extract in male Wistar rats. Bull Fac Pharm Cairo Univ. 2016; 54(2):209-217.
Singh A, Bhat TK, Sharma OP. Clinical Biochemistry of Hepatotoxicity. J Clin Toxicol. 2014; 04(01):S4-001.
Delgado-Montemayor C, Cordero-Pérez P, Salazar-Aranda R, Waksman-Minsky N. Models of hepatoprotective activity assessment. Med Univ. 2015; 17(69):222-228.
Asadi-Samani M, Kafash-Farkhad N, Azimi N, Fasihi A, Alinia-Ahandani E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Medicinal plants with hepatoprotective activity in Iranian folk medicine. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2015; 5(2):146-157.
OECD. Guideline 420 acute oral toxicity-fixed dose procedure. Fr. Guidel. Test. Chem. Inc. 2001; 1-14p.
Abdel-Kader MS, Alanazi MT, Bin Saeedan AS, AlSaikhan FI, Hamad AM. Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of Juniperus sabina L. aerial parts. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 2017; 5(1):29-39.
Akanji MA, Adeyemi OS, Oguntoye SO, Sulyman F. Psidium Guajava extract reduces trypanosomosis associated lipid peroxidation and raises glutathione concentrations in infected animals. EXCLI J. 2009; 8:148-154.
Aebi H. Catalase In Vitro. Methods Enzymol. 1984; 105(C):121-126.
Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutases. An adaptation to a paramagnetic gas. J Biol Chem. 1989;264(14):7761-7764.
Al Bayaty F, Abdulla M, Abu Hassan MI, Masud M. Wound healing potential by hyaluronate gel in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sci Res Essays. 2010;5(18):2756–60.
Center for Integrated Healthcare. Information for Behavioral Health Providers in Primary Care. Dep Veterans Aff United States Am. 2013; 7p.
Saleem U, Amin S, Ahmad B, Azeem H, Anwar F, Mary S. Acute oral toxicity evaluation of aqueous ethanolic extract of Saccharum munja Roxb . roots in albino mice as per OECD 425 TG. Toxicol Reports. 2017; 4:580–585.
Maikai VA, Kobo PI, Adaudi AO. Acute toxicity studies of aqueous stem bark extract of Ximenia americana. African J. Biotechnol. 2008; 7:1600-1603.
Center for Integrated Healthcare. Information for Behavioral Health Providers in Primary Care. Dep. Veterans Aff. United States Am. 2013; 7p.
Chiang J. Liver Physiology: MetaboLism and Detoxification [Internet]. Pathobiology of Human Disease: A Dynamic Encyclopedia of Disease Mechanisms. Elsevier Inc.; 2014; 1770-1782p.
Ahmad F and Tabassum N. Experimental models used for the study of antihepatotoxic agents. J Acute Dis. 2012; 1(2):85-89.
Jeong TB, Kwon D, Son SW, Kim SH, Lee YH, Seo MS, Kim KS, Jung YS. Weaning mice and adult mice exhibit differential carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Antioxid. 2020; 9(3):1-14.
Túnez I, Muñoz MC, Villavicencio MA, Medina FJ, De Prado EP, Espejo I, et al. Hepato- and neurotoxicity induced by thioacetamide: Protective effects of melatonin and dimethylsulfoxide. Pharmacol Res. 2005; 52(3):223-228.
Abou Seif HS. Physiological changes due to hepatotoxicity and the protective role of some medicinal plants. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci. 2016; 5(2):134-146.
Ayala A, Muñoz MF, Argüelles S. Lipid peroxidation: Production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014; 2014.
Yang H, Zhou M, Li H, Wei T, Tang C, Zhou Y, Long, X. Effects of Low-level Lipid Peroxidation on the Permeability of Nitroaromatic Molecules across a Membrane: A Computational Study. ACS Omega. 2020; 5(10):4798-806.
Ighodaro OM and Akinloye OA. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria J Med. 2018; 54(4):287-293.
Marrocco I, Altieri F, Peluso I. Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017; 2017.
Muriel P. Role of free radicals in liver diseases. Hepatol Int. 2009;3(4):526-536.
Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(11):26087-26124. Bhadauria M. Propolis prevents hepatorenal injury induced by chronic exposure to carbon tetrachloride. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med. 2012; 2012:Article ID 235358.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
