Antioxidant, Anti-Collagenase, Anti-Elastase and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of an Aqueous Cosmos caudatus Kunth (Asteraceae) Leaf Extract
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i12.15
Keywords:
Cosmos caudatus, Antioxidant, Anti-Collagenase, Anti-Elastase, Anti-TyrosinaseAbstract
Cosmos caudatus Kunth (Asteraceae) or wild cosmos is traditionally used as a culinary and medicinal herb. The leaves and shoots of the plant are reputed to promote a younger skin complexion if consumed regularly. However, research to support its potential use as a cosmeceutical is lacking. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase activities of C. caudatus leaf water extract (CCW) in vitro to scientifically evaluate its potential as a cosmeceutical. The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activity were measured using fluorescence assays and anti-tyrosinase assay was measured by colorimetric assay. The DPPH and ABTS assays showed CCW to have IC50 values of 163.6 and 57.2 µg/mL, respectively. Significant collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase inhibitions were observed with 51.3, 63.7 and 72.7% inhibition, respectively at 1000 µg/mL CCW treatment, compared with controls. Flavonol glycosides derived from quercetin and kaempferol, and flavone C-glycosides derived from apigenin were the main compounds identified in CCW using high resolution LC-UV-MS/MS.
These results suggest the potential application of CCW as a cosmeceutical with antioxidant, anticollagenase, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase activities.
References
Moshawih S, Manraj SC, Zuraini A, Zainul A. A comprehensive review on Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja): pharmacology, ethnopharmacology, and phytochemistry. Int Res J Educ Sci. 2017; 1(1):14-31.
You Y, Shahar S, Haron H, Yahya HM. More ulam for your brain: A review on the potential role of ULAM in protecting against cognitive decline. Sains Malaysiana. 2018; 47(11):2713-2729.
Cheng SH, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Anthony J, Ismail A. Potential medicinal benefits of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja): a scoping review. J Research in Medical Sciences. 2015; 20:1000-1006.
Awang-Kanak F and Abu Bakar MF. Traditional vegetable salad (ulam) of Borneo as source of functional food. Food Res. 2020; 4:1-12.
Ahsanuddin S, Lam M, Baron ED. Skin aging and oxidative stress. AIMS Mol Sci. 2016; 3(2):187-95.
Woodby B, Penta K, Pecorelli A, Lila A, Valacchi G. Skin Health from the Inside out. Annual Review of Food Sci Technol. 2020; 11:1-20.
Gu Y, Han J, Jiang C, Zhang Y. Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 59:1-12.
Fisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, Bata-Csorgo Z, Wan Y, Datta S, et al. Mechanisms of photoaging and chronological skin aging. Arch Dermatol. 2002; 138(11):1462-1470.
Fisher GJ, Datta S, Talwar HS, Wang Z-Q, Varani J, Kang S, Voorhess JJ. Molecular basis of sun-induced premature skin ageing and retinoid antagonism. Nature. 1996; 379:335-339.
Fisher GJ, Talwar HS, Lin J, Lin P, McPhillips F, Wang Z, et al. Retinoic acid inhibits induction of c-Jun protein by ultraviolet radiation that occurs subsequent to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human skin in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1998; 101(6):1432-1440.
Brenneisen P, Sies H, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Ultraviolet-B irradation and matrix metalloproteinases; from induction via signalling to initial events. New York Acad Sci. 2002; 973:31-43.
Tsuji N, Moriwaki S, Suzuki Y, Takema Y, Imokawa G. The role of elastases secreted by fibroblasts in wrinkle formation: implication through selective inhibition of elastase activity. Photochem Photobiol. 2001; 74(2):283- 290.
Imokawa G and Ishida K. Biological mechanisms underlying the ultraviolet radiation-induced formation of skin wrinkling and sagging I: reduced skin elasticity, highly associated with enhanced dermal elastase activity, triggers wrinkling and sagging. Int J Mol Sci. 2015; 16(4):7753- 7775.
Costin GE and Hearing VJ. Human skin pigmentation: melanocytes modulate skin color in response to stress. Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J. 2007; 21(4):976-994.
Hakozaki T, Swanson CL, Bissett DL. Hyperpigmentation in aging skin. In: Textbook of Aging Skin. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2010; 2:495–501.
Moon JY, Yim EY, Song G, Lee NH, Hyun CG. Screening of elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity from Jeju Island plants. EurAsian J Biosci. 2010;4:41-53.
Zeitoun H, Khoury R El, Beyrouthy M El, Salameh D, Lteif R. Phytochemicals screening and anti-tyrosinase activity of Senegalese herbal extracts. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol. 2016; 5(11):19781-19789.
Zakaria NNA, Okello E, Birch-Machin MAB. In vitro protective effects of an aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea L. flower against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and UV-induced mtDNA damage in human keratinocytes.pdf. Phyther Res. 2018; 32:1064-1072.
Schymanski EL, Jeon J, Gulde R, Fenner K, Ru M, Singer HP, Hollender J. Identifying small molecules via high resolution mass spectrometry: communicating confidence. Environ Sci Technol. 2014; 48(4):2097-2098.
Oliveira S De, De Souza GA, Eckert CR, Silva TA, Sobral ES, Favero OA, Ferreira MJP, Romoff P, Baader WJ. Evaluation of antiradical assays used in determining the antioxidant capacity of pure compounds and plant extracts. Quim Nova. 2014; 37(3):497-503.
Nurhayati B, Rahayu IG, Rinaldi SF, Zaini WS, Afifah E, Arumwardana S, Kusuma HSW, Rizal, Widowati W. The antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of Cosmos caudatus Ethanolic Extract on Cervical Cancer. Indones Biomed J. 2018; 10(3):243-249.
Wan-Nadilah WA, Khozirah S, Khatib A, Hamid AA, Hamid M. Evaluation of the α-glucosidase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities of selected traditional medicine plant species used in treating diabetes. Int Food Res J. 2019; 26(1):75-85.
Abdul Rahman H, Saari N, Abas F, Ismail A, Mumtaz MW, Abdul Hamid A. Anti-obesity and antioxidant activities of selected medicinal plants and phytochemical profiling of bioactive compounds. Int J Food Prop. 2017; 20(11):2616- 2619.
Seyedreihani SF, Tan TC, Alkarkhi AFM, Easa AM. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Ulam raja (Cosmos caudatus) and quantification of its selected marker compounds: effect of extraction. Int J Food Prop. 2017; 20(2):260-270.
Aprilia M, Wisaniyasa NW, Suter IK. The effect of temperature and duration of withering on the characteristics of herbal tea of kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.). J Ilmu dan Teknol Pangan. 2020; 9(2):136-150.
Mustafa RA, Hamid AA, Mohamed S, Bakar FA. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and radical scavenging activity of 21 selected tropical plants. J Food Sci. 2010; 75(1):C28-35.
Laughton M, Evans P, Moroney M, Hoult J, Halliwell B. Inhibition of mammalian 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase by flavonoids and phenolic dietary additives. Relationship to antioxidant activity and to iron ion-reducing ability. Biochem Pharmacol. 1991; 42(9):1673-1681.
Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutr Biochem. 2002; 13(10):572-584.
Williams RJ, Spencer JPE, Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radic Biol Med. 2004; 36(7):838-849.
Endharti AT, Suryani H, Lushinta L, Komalasari K, Prawiro SR, Nurhidayati DY, Nurhamdani A. Cosmos caudatus leaf ethanol extract inhibit growth and viability through membrane permeability and apoptosis in Candida albicans. J Glob Pharma Technol. 2019; 11(4):123-129.
Wan-Nadilah WA, Akhtar MT, Shaari K, Khatib A, Hamid AA, Hamid M. Variation in the metabolites and α- glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages. BMC Compl Altern Med. 2019; 19(1):245.
Mediani A, Abas F, Tan CP, Khatib A, Lajis NH. Influence of growth stage and season on the antioxidant constituents of Cosmos caudatus. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2012; 67(4):344-350.
Sander CS, Sercu S, Ziemer M, Hipler UC, Elsner P, Thiele JJ, Merregaert J. Expression of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) in human skin is decreased by age and increased upon ultraviolet exposure. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154(2):218– 224.
Chang TS. Natural melanogenesis inhibitors acting through the down-regulation of tyrosinase activity. Materials (Basel). 2012; 5(9):1661-1685.
Chan EWC, Wong SK, Chan HT. Ulam herbs of Oenanthe javanica and Cosmos caudatus: an overview on their medicinal properties. J Nat Remedies. 2016; 16(4):137.
Thring TSA, Hili P, Naughton DP. Anti-collagenase, antielastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009; 9(27):11.
Ndlovu G, Fouche G, Tselanyane M, Cordier W, Steenkamp V. In vitro determination of the anti-aging potential of four southern African medicinal plants. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013; 13(1):304.
Chattuwatthana T and Okello E. Anti-collagenase, antielastase and antioxidant activities of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica root extract and Coccinia grandis fruit juice extract: an in vitro study. European J Med Plants. 2015; 5(4):318-327.
Mandrone M, Lorenzi B, Venditti A, Guarcini L, Bianco A, Sanna C, et al. Antioxidant and anti-collagenase activity of Hypericum hircinum L. Ind Crops Prod. 2015; 76:402-408.
Melziq MF, Loser B, Ciesielski S. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity by phenolic compounds from plants. Pharmazie. 2001; 56(12):967-970.
Sin BY and Kim HP. Inhibition of collagenase by naturallyoccurring flavonoids. Arch Pharm Res. 2005; 28(10):1152- 1155.
Sartor L, Pezzato E, Dell‟aica I, Caniato R, Biggin S, Garbisa S. Inhibition of matrix-proteases by polyphenols: chemical insights for anti-inflammatory and anti-invasion drug design. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002; 64(2):229-237.
Pientaweeratch S, Panapisal V, Tansirikongkol A. activities of Phyllanthus emblica, Manilkara zapota and silymarin : an in vitro comparative study for anti-aging applications. Pharm Biol. 2016; 54(9):1865-1872.
Philips N, Auler S, Hugo R, Gonzalez S. Beneficial regulation of matrix metalloproteinases for skin health. Enzyme Res. 2011; (12):1-4.
Mcdonald M, Mila I, Scalbert A. Precipitation of metal ions by plant polyphenols : optimal conditions and origin of precipitation. J Agric Food Chem. 1996; 44(2):599-606.
Kanashiro A, Souza JG, Kabeya LM, Azzolini AECS, Lucisano-valim YM. Elastase release by stimulated neutrophils inhibited by flavonoids : importance of the catechol group. Zeitschrift für Naturforsch C. 2007; 62(5- 6):357-361.
Siedle B, Hrenn A, Merfort I. Natural compounds asinhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Planta Med. 2007; 73(5):401-420.
Bras N, Goncalves R, Mateus N, Fernandez P, Ramos M,Freitas V. Inhibition of pancreatic elastase by polyphenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem. 2010; 58:10668-10676.
Kim Y, Uyama H, Kobayashi S. Inhibition effects of (+)- catechin–aldehyde polycondensates on proteinases causing proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004; 320:256-261.
Wittenauer J, Mäckle S, Sußmann D, Schweiggert-weisz U, Carle R. Inhibitory effects of polyphenols from grape pomace extract on collagenase and elastase activity. Fitoterapia. 2015; 101:179-187.
Fujii T, Ikeda K, Saito M. Inhibitory effect of rose hip (Rosa canina L.) on melanogenesis in mouse melanoma cells and on pigmentation in brown guinea pigs. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2009; 73(9):1989-9193.
Chen QX and Kubo I. Kinetics of mushroom tyrosinase inhibition by quercetin. J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50(14):4108-4112.
Choi MH and Shin HJ. Anti-melanogenesis effect of quercetin. Cosmetics. 2016; 3(18):1–16.
Yang YM, Son YO, Lee SA, Jeon YM, Lee JC. Quercetin inhibits alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Phyther Res. 2011; 25(8):1166-1173.
Wang T yang, Li Q, Bi K shun. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: structure, activity and biological fate. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2018; 13(1):12-23.
Yang B, Liu H, Yang J, Gupta VK, Jiang Y. New insights on bioactivities and biosynthesis of flavonoid glycosides. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2018; 79:116-124.
Mughal EU, Javid A, Sadiq A, Murtaza S, Zafar MN, Khan BA, et al. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies of 3-O-flavonol glycosides as cholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorganic Med Chem. 2018; 26(12):3696-3706.
Nguyen TTH, Moon YH, Ryu YB, Kim YM, Nam SH, Kim MS, Kimura A, Kim D. The influence of flavonoid compounds on the in vitro inhibition study of a human fibroblast collagenase catalytic domain expressed in E. coli. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2013; 52(1):26-31.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
