N-Methyl-N-Nitroso-Urea Induced-DNA Damage Response in the Breast Tissues of Female Albino Rats Treated with Ethanol Extract of Solanum erianthum D. Don

Abstract

Solanum erianthum has been traditionally recognized for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties; however, the mechanism by which its ethanol leaf extract (ELESE) mitigates N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea (NMU)-induced breast tissue damage remains unclear. This study evaluated the tumor-suppressive and antioxidant potential of ELESE on NMU-induced mammary gland tumors in female albino rats. A total of thirty (30) adult female albino rats were sectioned into six groups which comprises: control, NMU-group, ELESE-50 mg/kg, ELESE-100 mg/kg, ELESE-200 mg/kg, ELESE-400 mg/kg. 50 mg/kg of the NMU was administered via the buccal cavity to groups except the control, while ELESE was concomitantly administered to each group with the use of a cannula for 30 days and the following parameters got evaluated: Glutathione (GSH) increased significantly (p<0.01) in ELESE-200mg/kg and ELESE-400 mg/kg compared to NMU group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) significant (p<0.01) in ELESE-100, 200, 400 and 50 mg/kg respectively compared to the NMU-group. Catalase (CAT) level insignificant (p<0.05) in ELESE-200 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg in comparison with the NMU group, significant (p<0.01) in ELESE-400 mg/kg. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level reduced significantly (p<0.01) in ELESE-50 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in ELESE-groups reduced significantly (p<0.01) in 400mg/kg compared to NMU-group. Hematocrit (HCT) level in the ELESE 50 mg/kg group surge significantly (p<0.1) compared to the NMU-group. γH2AX molecular marker was used to study DNA damage. The tail DNA percentage reduced in ELESE-400 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg compared to the NMU-group, demonstrating a protective effect against genotoxicity and indicating antioxidant effect.  ELESE may ameliorate nitroso-methyl- urea (NMU)induced breast tissue damage