Neuroprotective Potentials of Alstonia boonei Extracts on Biochemical Markers of Brain Integrity in Experimental Rats
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i6.21
Keywords:
Cognitive, Neuroprotective parameters, Alstonia boonei, Wistar rats, AcetylcholinesterasAbstract
Alstonia boonei has been proven to be a valuable source of bioactive components. Over time, these have been used in the management of various medical conditions. This work investigated the effects of Alstonia boonei on neuroprotective parameters/markers (vitamin E, adenine deaminase and acetylcholinesterase) in mercury chloride-induced cognitive impairment and associated oxidative damages in rats. A total of 16 adult Wistar rats (male) weighing between 100 and 130 g was divided into four groups. Group 1: normal control, Group 2: mercury (II) chloride, Group 3: mercury (II) chloride + Diazepam 5 mg/kg and Group 4: mercury (II) chloride + plant extract 400 mg/kg. Result shows that eurotoxicant; mercury (II) chloride (4 mg/kg body weight; orally) caused a significant decrease in vitamin E concentration and adenine deaminase activity and increased acetycholine esterase activity, the treatment with standard drug and A. boonei extract successfully reversed the deleterious effects of the toxicant by increasing vitamin E concentration in both the cerebrum and cerebellum, reducing acetylcholine esterase activity in the cerebrum. A. boonei also significantly (p < 0.05) increased adenine deaminase activity in the cerebrum. This indicates that the A. boonei extract may possess potent neuroprotective agents whose full potentials are yet to be exploited.
References
Halliwell B. Reactive oxygen species and central nervous systems. J Neurochem. 1992; 59:1609-1623.
Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Sarti C, Heuschmann PU, Graf C, Siemonsen S, Neundoerfer B. A prospective communitybased study of stroke in Germany. The Erlangen Stroke Project (ESPro): Incidence and case fatality at 1, 3, and 12 months. Stroke. 1998; 29:2501-2506.
Commenges D, Scotet V, Renaud S, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Barberger GP, Dartigues JF. Intake of flavonoids and risk of dementia. Eur J Epidemiol. 2000; 6:357-363.
Kumar V. (2006). Potential medicinal plants for CNS disorders: An overview. Phytother Res. 2006; 20:1023-1035.
Selassie AW, Zaloshnja E, Langlois JA, Miller T, Jones P, Steiner C. Incidence of long-term disability following traumatic brain injury hospitalization, United States. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003; 23:123-131.
Tagliaferri F, Compagnone C, Korsic M, Servadei F, Kraus J. A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe. Acta Neurochir. 2006; 148:255-268.
Roozenbeek B, Maas AI, Menon DK. Changing patterns in the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013; 9:231-236.
Hankey GJ. The global and regional burden of stroke. Lancet Glob Health. 2013; 1(5):e239-e240.
Zacharia BE, Hickman ZL, Grobelny BT, DeRosa P, Kotchetkov I, Ducruet AF. Epidemiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010; 21:221-233.
Koenig MA. Brain resuscitation and prognosis after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Clin. 2014; 30:765-83.
Prasanta C. Herbal genomics as tools for dissecting new metabolic pathways of unexplored medicinal plants and drug. Sci Direct. 2018; 6:9-16.
Bouayed J, Ramma IH, Dicko A, Younos C, Soulimani R.Chlorogenic acid, a polyphenol from Prunusdomestica (Mirabelle), with coupled anxiolytic and antioxidant effects. J Neurol Sci. 2007; 262:77-84.
Mallikharjuna PB, Rajann IN, Seethara YN, Sharanabasappa GK. Phytochemical studies of Strychnospotatorum L. F. a Medicinal Plants. E-J Chem. 2007; 4:510-518.
Olever-Bever D. Propagation and management, functional uses of Medicinal Plants In: medicinal plant tropical West Africa. Cambridge Uni Press 1986; 2:89-90.
Olajide OA, Awe SO, Makinde JM. Studies on the antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of Alstonia boonei stem bark. J Ethnopharma 2000; 71(1-2):179-186.
Aditya NP, Geetanjali C, Karthigayan G, Riniti B, Swati P, Basavaraj M. Curcuminoids-loaded liposomes in combination with arteether protects against plasmodium berghei infection in mice. Exp Parasitol. 2012; 131(3):292-299.
Ayiku MNB. Ghana Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Tech Trans Cent. 1992; 1(4):87-96.
Gosse BK, Bryson TA, Gokou T. Study of triterpenoids from Alstonia boonei. Société Ouest-Africaine de Chimie. 1999; 5(8):123-128.
Raji YI, Salmon TM, Akinsomsoye OS. Reproductive functions in male rats treated with methanolic extract of Alstonia boonei stem bark. Afr J Biomed Res. 2005; 8:105-111.
Ajose DJ, Onifade OF, Wemambu II. Phytochemical analysis and invitro antibacterial evaluation of leaf and bark extracts of Alstonia boonei. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2019; 13(17):287-291.
Alessia C, Nicola R, Maria SS, Giuseppe G. Mercury toxicity and neurodegenerative effects. Rev Enviro Contam Toxicol. 2014; 229:1-18.
Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Jr. Andres V, Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961; 7(2): 88-90.
Kumar A, Naidu PS, Seghal N, Padi SSV. Effect of curcumin on intra cerebroventricular colchicine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. J Med Food. 2007; 10(3):486-494.
Pearson D. The chemical analysis of food. (17th ed).London: Churchill Livingstone; 1976. 575 p.
Guisti G and Galanti B. Colorimetric method. In: Bergmeyer HU, ed. Methods of enzymatic analysis. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie. 1984. 315-325 p.
Roulette M, Lucotte M, Saint-Aubin A, Amorim MJ. The geochemistry of mercury in central Amazonian soils developed on the alter-do-chao formation of the lower Tapajos river valley, Para state, Brazil. Sci Total Environ. 1998; 223(1):1-24.
Ouahchi K, Arita M, Kayden H, Hentati F, Hamida MB. Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in the α-tocopherol transfer protein. Nat Genet. 1995; 9(2):141-145.
Harding S. The method questions. Hypatia. 1987; 2(3):19-35.
Goss-Sampson MA, Muller DPR, Kriss A. Abnormalities of the electroretinogram and visual-evoked potential in vitamin E deficient rats. Exp Eye Res. 1991; 53(5):623-627.
Sokol RJ, Hewitt S, Booker DJ, Bailey A. Red cell autoantibodies, multiple immunoglobulin classes, and autoimmune hemolysis. J Transfu. 1990; 30(8):671-767.
Matsuya Y, Antonucci JM, Matsuya S, Takagi S, Chow LC. Polymeric calcium phosphate cements derived from poly (methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid). Dent Mat. 1996; 12(1):2-7.
Yokota T, Igarashi K, Uchihara T, Jishage K, Tomita H, Inaba A, Li Y, Arita M, Suzuki H, Mizusawa H, Arai H. Delayed-onset ataxia in mice lacking alpha- tocopherol transfer protein: model for neuronal degeneration caused by chronic oxidative stress. Pro Natl Acad Sci. 2001;98(26):15185-15190.
Einaeson L. Deposits of fluorescent acid-fast products in the nervous system and skeletal muscles of adult rats with chronic vitamin –E deficiency. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych, 1953; 16(2):98-104.
Dinning JS and Day PL. Vitamin E deficiency in the monkey: Muscular dystrophy hematologic changes, and the excretion of urinary nitrogenous constituents. J Exp Med. 1957; 105(5):395-402.
Aleman J, Parra A, Jiang H, Jorgenson KA. Squaramides: bridging from molecular recognition to bifunctional organocatalysis. Chem Eur J. 2011; 17(25):6890-6899.
Julien RM, Advokat CD, Comaty JE. A primer of Drug Action. (11edn): Worth; 2007; 5055p.
Frasco MF, Foumier D, REmiao F, Guilhermino L. Do metals inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE)? Implementation of assay conditions for the use of AChE activity as a biomarker of metal toxicity. Biomark. 2020; 10(5):360-375.
Zakaria ZA, Abdul-Rahim MH, Mohtarrudin N, AbdulKadir, A, Cheema MS, Ahmad Z, Mooi CS, Tochid SF. Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of methanol extract of Clinacanthus nutans in mice. Afr J Tradit Compl Altern Med. 2016; 13(2):210-222.
Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion requirements in critical care investigators, Canadian critical care trials group. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:409-417.
Retter A, Wyncoll D, Pearse R, Carson D, McKechnie S, Stanworth S. Guidelines on the management of anaemia and red cell transfusion in adult critically ill patients. Br J Haematol. 2013; 160:445-464.
Le-Roux PD. Anemia and transfusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2011; 15:342-353.
Le-Roux P. Haemoglobin management in acute brain injury. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2013; 19:83-91
Robertson CS, Hannay HJ, Yamal JM, Gopinath S, Goodman JC, Tilley BC. Effect of erythropoietin and transfusion threshold on neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical trial. J AmMed Assoc. 2014; 312(1):36-47.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
