Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ethanol Extract and Fractions of Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Leaves
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i11.9
Keywords:
Candlenut, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Aleurites moluccanaAbstract
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. (Candlenut) possesses great health benefits and is one of the most widely used plants in Indonesia. The activities of its leaf extract as antioxidant and antibacterial agent is yet to be investigated. Therefore, the present study was aimed at
determining the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanol extract and fractions of candlenut leaves. Samples were extracted using 96% ethanol and multilevel fractionation was done using water, hexane, and ethyl acetate. The crude ethanol leaf extract and the fractions were phytochemically screened to determine bioactive constituents. Antioxidant activity of extract and fractions was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent) scavenging method, while antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by employing the disc diffusion method. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of two or more of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, steroid, tannin and polyphenol in each of the ethanol leaf extract and fractions. Antioxidant activity (IC50) test indicated that the ethanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions of candlenut leaves were 141.26, 469.45, 65.68 and 47.91 µg/mL, respectively. The test solutions showed antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli in the order of water fraction > hexane fraction > ethanol extract > ethyl acetate fraction. The findings from the research suggest the potential use of water fraction of ethanol A. moluccana leaf extract in controlling resistant bacteria.
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