Comparative Chemical Composition and In-Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Syzygium aromaticum against Selected Cancer Cell Lines
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i2.20
Keywords:
Syzygium aromaticum, Clove extracts, Cytotoxic activity, 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone-3-C-β-D-glucosideAbstract
The dried flower buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) are among the most commonly used spices. It is famous as a source of volatile oils and eugenol and possesses various pharmacological activities. However, there is little scientific information on the medicinal and biological importance of ethanol extract of the plant. In this study, 50% ethanol extracts of S. aromaticum young leaves, leaves, young flower buds, and flower buds were analyzed for their chemical composition using LC-MS. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts against A549, HT-29, Hela, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay. Three major phenolic compounds, namely; 2, 4, 6-trihydroxyacetophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside, biflorin and isobiflorin, were detected in the extracts, with 2,4,6- trihydroxyacetophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside being the most abundant in all the plant parts, except in the leaves. All extracts displayed low cytotoxic activity against A549 and HT-29. Both flower buds and young flower buds containing high amounts of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone-3-C-β-D-glucoside exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against Hela and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 values of 40.88 and 48.52 µg/mL; 35.69 and 39.56 µg/mL for flower buds and young flower buds, respectively. Extracts of flower buds and young flower buds of S. aromaticum can be sources of novel bioactive compounds that might be useful as anticancer agents.
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