Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Cadmium Chloride-Induced Changes in Behavior, Biochemical Parameters and Spermatogenesis of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i3.21
Keywords:
Behavioral functions, Biochemical parameter, Cadmium, SpermatozoaAbstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid and is a type of catechin. EGCG is abundant in dry tea leaves and its ameliorative effect on heavy metal-induced behaviour and spermatogenesis is not clear. Hence, the present study is planned to study the ameliorative effect of EGCG on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced changes in behaviour and spermatogenesis of Sprague Dawley rats. Healthy, male rats were divided into four groups viz., control, CdCl2 (5 mg/kg), CdCl2 (5 mg/kg) + vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and CdCl2 (5 mg/kg) + EGCG (50 mg/kg) respectively. All the animals were administered with the respective assigned treatment by intraperitoneal route for 28 days. During the study, body weights changes and the behavioral functions (locomotor activity, grip strength, and escape latency tendency) of the rats were monitored at weekly intervals. At the end of the study, sperm samples were collected from cauda epididymis and motility was checked. Later, the number of spermatozoa was calculated using the red blood cell counting method. The animals administered with CdCl2 and CdCl2 + EGCG showed a significant reduction in body weight, behavioral functions and the number of sperm cells. Vitamin C prevented CdCl2-induced changes in behavioral functions and reduction in the number of sperm cells. In the present study, EGCG failed to prevent CdCl2-induced changes in the behavior of the rats and reduction in the number of sperm cells whereas, vitamin C has ameliorative effects on CdCl2-induced changes in behavioral functions and reduction in the number of sperm cells.
References
Rehman K, Fatima F, Waheed I, Akash MSH. Prevalence of exposure of heavy metals and their impact on health consequences. J Cell Biochem. 2018; 119(1):157-184.
Cadmium (Cd) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects [Internet]. [cited 2019 May 15]. Available from:
https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/cd.htm
Randi AS, Monserrat JM, Rodriguez EM, Romano LA. Histopathological effects of cadmium on the gills of the freshwater fish, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae Eigenmann(Pisces, Atherinidae). J Fish Dis. 1996; 19(4):311-322.
Su L, Mruk DD, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Drug transporters and blood–testis barrier function. J Endocrinol. 2011; 209(3):337-351.
Järup L. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull. 2003; 68(1):167-182.
Zhao LL, Ru YF, Liu M, Tang JN, Zheng JF, Wu B, Gu YH, Shi HJ. Reproductive effects of cadmium on sperm function and early embryonic development in vitro. PloS one. 2017; 12(11):e0186727.
Siu ER, Mruk DD, Porto CS, Cheng CY. Cadmium-induced testicular injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009; 238(3):240-249.
Herak-Kramberger CM, abolic I, Blanu a M, mith PJ, Brown D, Breton S. Cadmium inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase-mediated acidification in the rat epididymis. Biol Reprod. 2000; 63(2):599-606.
Chang CJ, Chiu KL, Chen YL, Chang CY. Separation of catechins from green tea using carbon dioxide extraction. Food Chem. 2000; 68(1):109-113.
Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Virk G, Cho CL. Potential role of green tea catechins in the management of oxidative stress-associated infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2017; 34(5):487-498.
Singh R, Akhtar N, Haqqi TM. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate: inflammation and arthritis. [corrected]. Life Sci. 2010; 86(25-26):907-918.
Oladele JO, Oyewole OI, Bello OK, Oladele OT. Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis on cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. J Drug Design Med Chem. 2017; 3(3):32-36.
Giordano V, Albuquerque RP, Amaral NP, Chame CC, Souza FD, Apfel MÍ. Supplementary vitamin C does not accelerate bone healing in a rat tibia fracture model. Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2012; 20(1):10-12.
Nna VU, Ujah GA, Mohamed M, Etim KB, Igba BO, Augustine ER, Osim EE. Cadmium chloride-induced testicular toxicity in male wistar rats; prophylactic effect of quercetin, and assessment of testicular recovery following cadmium chloride withdrawal. Biomed Pharmacother.
; 94:109-123.
Parasuraman S, Hoong SS, Christapher PV, Zou LN, De Wei DL, Loshini S, Ching TH, Leong CH.. Effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Solanum trilobatum on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in Sprague Dawley rats. J Pharm Negative Results 2019; 10:41-46.
He L, Li P, Yu LH, Li L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Long M, He JB, Yang SH. Protective effects of proanthocyanidins against cadmium-induced testicular injury through the modification of Nrf2-Keap1 signal path in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018; 57:1-8.
Wang J, Zhu H, Wang K, Yang Z, Liu Z. Protective effect of quercetin on rat testes against cadmium toxicity by alleviating oxidative stress and autophagy. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020; 27(20):25278-25286.
Gupta R, Shukla RK, Pandey A, Sharma T, Dhuriya YK, Srivastava P, Singh MP, Siddiqi MI, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Involvement of PKA/DARPP-32/PP1α and β-arrestin/akt/GSK-3β signaling in cadmium-induced DA-D2 receptor-mediated motor dysfunctions: protective role of
quercetin. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):1-8.
Santos FW, Zeni G, Rocha JB, Weis SN, Fachinetto JM, Favero AM, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide reverses cadmium-induced oxidative damage on mice tissues. Chem Biol Interact. 2005; 151(3):159-165.
Renugadevi J and Prabu SM. Naringenin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction in rats. Toxicology. 2009; 256(1-2):128-134.
Pi H, Xu S, Reiter RJ, Guo P, Zhang L, Li Y, Li M, Cao Z, Tian L, Xie J, Zhang R. SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-dependent autophagy in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and salvage by melatonin. Autophagy. 2015; 11(7):1037-1051.
Avadhani KS, Manikkath J, Tiwari M, Chandrasekhar M, Godavarthi A, Vidya SM, Hariharapura RC, Kalthur G, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nanotransfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV
radiation induced skin damage. Drug Deliv. 2017; 24(1):61-74.
Oyewole OI, Shoremi MO, Oladele JO. Modulatory effects of Ricinus communis leaf extract on cadmium chlorideinduced hyperlipidemia and pancytopenia in rats. Am J Biomed Res. 2016; 4(2):38-41.
Mahmoudi R, Azizi A, Abedini S, Hemayatkhah Jahromi V, Abidi H, Jafari Barmak M. Green tea improves rat sperm quality and reduced cadmium chloride damage effect in spermatogenesis cycle. J Med Life. 2018; 11(4):371-380.
Sanocka D and Kurpisz M. Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2004; 2:12.
Siu ER, Wong EW, Mruk DD, Sze KL, Porto CS, Cheng CY. An occludin-focal adhesion kinase protein complex at the blood-testis barrier: a study using the cadmium model. Endocrinol. 2009; 150(7):3336-3344.
Sharma P and Goyal PK. Ameliorative effect of green tea catechin against cadmium chloride-induced testicular toxicity in mice. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2015; 34(4):335-352.
Elmallah MIY, Elkhadragy MF, Al-Olayan EM, Abdel Moneim AE. Protective effect of fragaria ananassa crude extract on cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes suppression, and apoptosis in rat testes. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(5):957.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
