Cytotoxic Activity of Combining Molecular Iodine and Dihydroartemisinin with Methanol Extracts of Carica papaya Linn and Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i3.12
Keywords:
Carica papaya Linn, Vernonia amygdalina Delile, Dihydroartemisinin, Molecular Iodine, Breast Cancer Cells, Cytotoxic ActivityAbstract
Carica papaya Linn (CP), Vernonia amygdalina Delile (VA), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), molecular iodine (I2) were reported to have antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities on breast cancer, but their anticancer effect once combined had not been explored. This study assessed the cytotoxic effect of combining I2, DHA, methanolic extracts of CP, VA leaves against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Cytotoxic activity and cell viability of the plant extracts and combinations were determined using trypan blue assay with peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and doxorubicin (DOX) as negative and positive controls respectively. The study used SigmaPlot software to obtain IC50 values and drug interactions were determined using the isobologram and combination index (CI)(Chou-Talalay method).The combination of CP + VA revealed the strongest cytotoxic activity amongst tested combinations and individual extracts with CI < 1 and IC50 = 18.6 ± 2.5 on MCF-7. A combination of CP + VA + DHA with CI >1 was included in the study based on its possible multi-target mechanism of action. The cytotoxic effects of CP + VA, CP + VA + DHA were significantly lower when tested on PBMCs in comparison to activity against breast cancer cells. DOX showed higher cytotoxic activity on PBMCs when compared with the tested combinations. This study suggested CP + VA to be the most efficacious combination with strong antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 and lower toxicity to human PBMCs when compared to DOX. Each of the combination’s components was found to be less cytotoxic against chosen cell lines.
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