Evaluation of Antihyperlipidemic and Antidiabetic Activity of Phyllanthus emblica L. Fruits

doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i4.13

Abstract

Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit is used traditionally as medicine for diarrhea, thrush, and cholesterol and it has been studied that Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit have various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, glycosides and it also contains high vitamin C, which has anti-cholesterol and anti-diabetic effect. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the anti-cholesterol and anti-diabetic activity of ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit. The extract was obtained by percolation with 96% ethanol solvent. The anti-cholesterol activity was carried out using the Lieberman-Burchard method while the anti-diabetic activity was assessed using the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay. The determination of the anti-cholesterol activity of the ethanol extract of P. emblica, fenofibrate and simvastatin was carried out at serial concentrations (12.5; 15; 17.5; 20; and 22.5 µg/mL).  Ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit reduce cholesterol level by 67.2608; 68.6076; 69.9194; 72.0773 and 73.4992% at 12.5; 15; 17.5; 20; and 22.5 µg/mL, respectively. Fenofibrate showed anti-cholesterol activity with percentage reduction of 58.9696; 61.3529; 62.5344; 64.1717 and 65.8890% while Simvastatin showed anti-cholesterol activity with percentage reduction of 61.1326; 65.0278; 69.2285; 73.3339 and 76.3781% at 12.5; 15; 17.5; 20; and 22.5 µg/mL, espectively. The IC50 values for alpha-glucosidase inhibition for P. emblica extract, acarbose and quercetin were 4.5833; 9.6862 and 2.4850 µg/mL, respectively. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of P. emblica fruit has anti-cholesterol activity that is similar to simvastatin and it showed higher activity than fenofibrate and it also showed higher antidiabetic activity than acarbose.