The Effect of Different Extraction Methods on the Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Galam Sawdust (Melaleuca Leucadendron Linn.)
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i5.2
Keywords:
Galam, Sawdust, Reflux, Maceration, Antioxidant, PhenolicAbstract
Sawdust is a waste that can be used as microcrystalline cellulose. Galam (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.) is one of the woods that produce microcrystalline cellulose from its sawdust which is used for construction and furniture manufacturing purposes. Microcrystalline cellulose sawdust extraction can produce residual extracts that can be utilized for certain potential activities. This study aimed to determine the difference between reflux extraction and maceration method towards antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Galam sawdust. Extraction of Galam sawdust was carried out using n-hexane: ethanol (1:2) consisting of two treatment groups: maceration and reflux extraction methods. Total phenolic contents were determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent with gallic acid as a standard. Measurement of antioxidant activity was done by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging method. The total phenolic contents of the reflux extract (93.555 ± 0.872 mg GAE/g extract) were found significantly higher as compared to the macerated extract (40.735 ± 0.903 mg GAE/g extract). The reflux extract showed higher DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 259.431 ppm) than the macerated extract (IC50 = 389.698 ppm) but very weak antioxidant activity when compared with the positive control, Gallic acid (IC50 = 2.256 ppm). The results of the study showed that the reflux extract from Galam sawdust produces better antioxidant activity compared to the macerated extract, even though very weak antioxidant activity, the antioxidant result correlated with their phenolic contents.
References
Kadir R and Hale MD. Antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds in extracts of twelve selected Malaysian commercial wood species. Eur J Wood Prod. 2017; 75(4):615-622.
Ekhuemelo DO, Ekhuemelo C, Tembe ET. Antibacterial activities of sawdust and stem bark of sasswood tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens, guill. & perr. Brenan, 1917) extracts against selected wood bacteria. Nig J Biotechnol. 2019; 36(2):52-61.
Criado P, Fraschini C, Salmieri S, Becher D, Safrany A, Lacroix, M. Evaluation of antioxidant cellulose nanocrystals and applications in gellan gum films. IndBiotechnol. 2015; 11(1):59-68.
Sultana B, Anwar F, Ashraf M. Effect of extraction solvent/technique on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. Molecules. 2009; 14(6):2167-2180.
Wardhani RRAAK, Akhyar O, Prasiska E. Analisis skrining fitokimia, kadar total fenol-flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kulit kayu tanaman Galam rawa Gambut (Melaleuca cajuputi roxb). Al Ulum: J Sains Teknol. 2018; 4(1):39-45.
Iskandar B, Lukman A, Rahmawati N. Pembuatan mikrokristalin selulosa (MCC) dari limbah penggergajian serbuk kayu Jelutung (Dyera sp). J Penelitian Farmasi Indonesia. 2018; 7(1):9-14.
Forestryana D, Maulida A, Putri AN. Characterization and utilization of micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) from Galam (Melaleuca leucadendron Linn.) as tablet binding agents. 1st ITB ICPSP; 2020.
Pujiarti R, Ohtani Y, Ichiura H. Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antifungal activities of Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. leaf oils from Indonesia. Wood Res J. 2012; 3(1):23-29.
Ohwoavworhua FO, Adelakun TA, Okhamafe, AO. Processing pharmaceutical grade microcrystalline cellulose from Groundnut Husk: Extraction methods and characterization. Int J Green Pharm. 2009; 3(2):97-104.
Roghini R and Vijayalakshmi K. Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of flavonoids and minerals in ethanolic extract of Citrus paradisi. Int JPharm Sci Res. 2018; 9(11):4859-4864.
Mirfat AHS, Salma I, Razali M. Natural antioxidant properties of selected wild Mangifera species in Malaysia. J Trop Agric Food Sci. 2016; 44(1):63-72.
Khairiah K, Taufiqurrahman I, Putri DKT. Antioxidant activity test of ethyl acetate fraction of Binjai (Mangifera caesia) leaf ethanol extract. Dental J. 2018; 51(4):164-168.
Yunitrianti, Elya B, Noviani A. Determination of the antioxidant activity of prasman leaf extracts (Ayapana triplinervis [Vahl]) and the total flavonoid and phenol contents of the most active extracts. Int J Appl Pharm. 2020; 12(1):107-111.
Nazir MS, Wahjoedi BA, Yussof AW, Abdullah MA. Eco-friendly extraction and characterization of cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Bio Resour. 2013; 8(2):2161-2172.
Luliana S, Riza H, Indriyani, EN. The effect of extraction method on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Salam leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) using DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhidrazil). Majalah Obat Tradisional. 2019; 24(2):72-76.
Wardhani RRAAK, Akhyar O, Prasiska E. Skrining fitokimia, aktivitas antioksidan, dan kadar total fenolflavonoid ekstrak daun dan buah tanaman Galam Rawa Gambut (Melaleuca cajuputi ROXB). QUANTUM: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Sains. 2018; 9(2):133-143.
Juanda D, Aligita W, Elfahmi, Hartati R, Musaad S. Antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity of Kupa (Syzygium polychepalum miq.) cortex. Int J Pharm. Phytopharm Res. 2018; 8(3):33-38.
Setyowati EP, Puspitasari A, Afini DI, Nasution FH, Nafingah R. Influence of some extraction conditions factor on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Solanum betaceum cav. Majalah Obat Tradisional. 2019; 24(3):216-224.
Kusmardiyani S, Novita G, Fidrianny I. Antioxidant activities from various extracts of different parts of Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) grown in Central Kalimantan - Indonesia. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016; 9(2):215-219.
Huo W, Zhang W, Chen G, Luo Y. Optimization of extraction conditions for maximal phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity from Melaleuca bracteata leaves using the response surface methodology. Plos One. 2016; 11(9):1-16.
Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Nirola R, Lee YB, Naidu R. Assessment of antioxidant activity,minerals, phenols and flavonoid contents of common plant/treewaste extracts. Ind Crops Prod. 2016; 83:630-634.
Zhang X, Guo Y, Guo L, Jiang H, Ji Q. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil. Biomed Res Int. 2018; 1-8.
Al-Abd NM, Nor ZM, Mansor M, Azhar F, Hasan MS, Kassim M. Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical characterization of Melaleuca cajuputiextract. BMC Compl Altern Med. 2015; 15(1):1-13.
Wakeel A, Jan SA, Ullah I, Shinwari ZK, Xu M. Solvent polarity mediates phytochemical yield and antioxidant capacity of Isatis tinctoria. Peer J. 2019; 7(e7857):2-19.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
