Larvicidal Assessment of Fractions of Aristolochia albida Rhizome on Culex  quinquefasciatus:  doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v2i5.5

Hauwa S. Usman; Abdullahi B. Sallau; Andrew  J. Nok; Aliyu Salihu

Authors

Hauwa S. Usman Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
Abdullahi B. Sallau Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
Andrew J. Nok Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
Aliyu Salihu Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria

Keywords:

Plant extracts,, Larvicidal activity,, Aristolochia albida,, Culex quinquefasciatus.

Abstract

Aristolochia albida is a plant, native of Africa that has found various applications including antiparasite and anti-snake venom. In the present study, Aristolochia albida rhizome was extracted successively with chloroform and methanol by maceration technique. The extracts were tested for their larvicidal activity against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, according to WHO guidelines for larvicidal bioassay, with slight modifications. Fractionation of the chloroform extract was carried out using column chromatography. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out on the fractions obtained and the most potent fraction (fraction S) was further analyzed using preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. Chloroform extract showed the highest mortality (100%) at 25 ppm, with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.24 ppm and 7.59 ppm. Fractionation of the chloroform extract of Aristolochia albida rhizome yielded 180 fractions. Fraction S was the most potent fraction having the lowest LC50 value (1.12 ppm). Preparative TLC profile of fraction S yielded five distinct spots (S1-S1a, S2-S2a and S3). Assessment of the larvicidal activity of the fractions confirmed that they
act in a synergistic manner. Likely compounds identified using GC-MS were columbin, benzene acetaldehyde, oleic acid, naphthalene and fucosterol. FTIR analysis identified some functionalities, such as, alcohols, aromatics and carboxylic acids. It was concluded from the present study that chloroform extract and fractions of Aristolochia albida possess larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus.

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