Impact of Pomphorhynchus spindletruncatus (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) on Blood Parameters and Muscle Biochemical Constituents of some Freshwater Fishes from Lesser Zab River, Iraq
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v5i7.6
Keywords:
Acanthocephala, Chemical composition, Haematological parameters, Muscle, Pomphorhynchus spindletruncatusAbstract
Fish have a strong resistance to disease when the circumstances are favourable, they are still susceptible to pathogen infection. Fish are routinely put to death by these illnesses, which impede their growth and reproduction. Diseases can reduce feeding rates, rendering fish more vulnerable to other animals. Pomphorhynchus spindletruncatus is one of the most dangerous parasitic species to fish. Prevalence of the acanthocephalan P. spindletruncatus and its influence on fish blood parameters and muscle chemical composition were evaluated. The study was carried out on seven species of freshwater fishes collected from Lesser Zab River, Iraq. The results showed that P. spindletruncatus was recovered from Capoeta damascina, Capoeta umbla, Capoeta trutta, Chondrostoma regium, Cyprinus carpio, Leuciscus vorax, and Squalius Lepidus. Higher prevalence of infection with the parasite was observed in the order of L. vorax (90 %) > S. Lepidus (72.72 %) > C. damascina (70 %). Analysis of blood parameters revealed that the infected fishes showed a significant decrease in total blood protein level, except in C. damascina, C. trutta and S. lepidus. However, there was a reduction in the levels of cholesterol and glucose in the blood of all infected fishes. The analysis of muscle chemical compositions showed that the parasite induced a decline in protein and ash contents, while moisture content was increased in all the infected fishes. However, fat content varied between the infected and uninfected fish muscles. As a result, we may conclude that P. spindletruncatus has the potential to harm edible fish species' health.
References
Nikolsky GV. The Ecology of Fishes (Engl. Transl.). Acad. Press, London &NY; 1963. 352 p.
Hoffman GL. Parasites of North American freshwater fishes. Univ Calif Press Berkeley; 1967. 486 p.
Lieke T, Meinelt T, Hoseinifar SH, Pan B, Straus DL, Steinberg CEW. Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases. Agric Rev. 2020; 12(2):943-965.
Hoole D, Bucke D, Burgess P, Wellby I. Diseases of Carp and Other Cyprinid Fishes. Blackwell Science Publishing, Oxford, U.K.; 2001. 264 p.
Palm HW. Fish parasites as biological indicators in a changing World: Can we monitor environmental impact andclimate change? In: H. Mehlhorn (ed.), Progress in Parasitology, Parasitology Research Monographs 2. SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. 223-250.
Mhaisen FT and Abdullah SMA. Parasites of fishes of Kurdistan Region, Iraq: checklists. Biol Appl Environ Res. 2017; 1(2):131-218.
Muhammad N, Li L, Suleman, Zhao Q, Bannai MA, Mohammad ET, Khan MS, Zhu XQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Cavisoma magnum, first representative of the family Cavisomidae, and its phylogenetic implications. Infect Genet Evol. 2020; 80: 104173.
Arredondo NJ and de Pertierra AA. Pomphorhynchus omarsegundoi sp. n. (Acanthocephala:Pomphorhynchidae), parasite of the banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo(Gymnotiformes:Gymnotidae) from the Paraná River basin, Argentina. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2010; 57(4):307-311.
Amin OM, Abdullah SMA, Mhaisen FT. Description of Pomphorhynchus spindletruncatus n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) from freshwater fishes in northern Iraq, with the erection of a new pomphorhynchid genus, Pyriproboscis n. g., and keys to genera of the Pomphorhynchidae and the species of Pomphorhynchus monticelli. Syst Parasitol. 2003; 54(3):229-235.
Jori M and Mohammad E. The effect of Hamatopedunculariasp. and Caligus sp. On some blood parameters of Arius bilineatus . Mar Mesop. 2008; 23(2):269-277.
Nnabuchi O, Ejikeme O, Nwani C, Ochang S, Somdare P, Amarachi A. Effect of parasites on the biochemical and haematological indices of some clariid (Siluriformes) catfishes from Anambra River, Nigeria. Int J Fish Aquat. 2015;3)2): 331-336.
Ahmed I, Reshi QM, Fazio F. The influence of the endogenous and exogenous factors on hematological parameters in different fish species: a review. Aquac Int. 2020; 28: 869–899.
Panjvini F, Abarghuei S, Khara H, Parashkoh HM. Parasitic infection alters haematology and immunity parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus. J Parasit Dis. 2016; 40(4):1540-1543.
Amlacher E, Conroy DA, Herman RL. Textbook of fish diseases. Jersey City, N.J.; New York: TFH. Publications; Distributed in the U.S.A. by Crown Publishers; 1970. 302p.
Al-Thani AS and Mohalla ME. Histochemical studies on glycogen and principle enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of two teleost fishes in relation to their feeding habits. Egypt, J Histol. 1990; 13(2):369-372.
Abdullah YS, Bilal SJ, Rahman SK, Abdullah SMA. Study of helminthes in Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Actinopterygii: Sisoridae) in Greater Zab and Lesser Zab Rivers, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Z J Pure Appl Sci. 2019; 13(s4):131-137.
Margolis L, Esch G, Holmes J, Kuris A, Schad G. The use of ecological terms in parasitology (report of an ad hoc committee of the American Society of Parasitologists). J Parasitol. 1982; 68(1):131-133.
Lucky Z . Methods for the diagnosis of fish diseases. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi; 1977. 140 p.
Natt MP and Herrick CA. A New Blood Diluent for Counting the Erythrocytes and Leucocytes of the Chicken. Poult Sci J. 1952; 31(4):735-738.Archer RK. Haematological techniques for use on animals. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1965. 135 p.
Blaxhall PC and Daisley KW. Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. J Fish Biol. 1973; 5(6):771-781.
Horwitz W and Latimer GW. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. AOAC international Gaithersburg, MD, USA; 2010. 1141p.
Tan M and Armbruster JW. Phylogenetic classification of extant genera of fishes of the order Cypriniformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). Zootaxa. 2018; 4476(1):6-39.
Winfield IJ and Nelson JS. Cyprinid Fishes: Systematics, biology and exploitation. Chapman and Hall, London; 1991.660 p.
Barber I. Parasites, behaviour and welfare in fish. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2007; 104(3-4):251-264.
Iyaji F, Etim LB, Eyo JE. Parasite assemblages in fish hosts. Bio-Research. 2009; 7(2):561-570
Roberts RJ. Fish Pathology ( 4th ed).Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. 590 p
Rahman MM. Role of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in aquaculture production systems. Front Biol. 2015; 8(4):399-410.
Coad BW. Freshwater fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publishers,. Sofia-Moscow; 2010. 294 p.
Chagas E, Val A. Effect of vitamin C on weight and hematology of tambaqui. Pesq agropec bras. 2003; 38(3): 397-402.
Lebelo SL, Saunders DK, Crawford TG. Observations on blood viscosity in striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum) associated with fish hatchery conditions. Trans Kans AcadSci. 2001; 104(3):183-194.
Jithendran KP and Kannappan S. A short note on heavy infection of acanthocephalan worm (Neoechinorhynchus agilis) in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus. J Parasit Dis. 2010; 34(2):99-101.
Amin OM, Heckmann RA, Ali AH, El Naggar AM, Khamees NR. New features of Neoechinorhynchus(Neoechinorhynchus) dimorphospinus (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from recent collections in the Arabian Gulf using SEM, with notes on histopathology. Comp Parasitol. 2015; 82(1):60-67.
Martins M, Tavares-Dias M, Fujimoto R, Onaka E, Nomura D. Haemalogical alterations of Leporinusmacrocephalus (Osteichtyes : Anostomidae) naturally infected by Goezialeporini (Nematoda : Anisakidae) in fish pond. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2004; 56 (5):640-646.
Wells RMG and Weber RE. The spleen in hypoxic and exercised Rainbow Trout. J Exp Biol. 1990; 150(1):461-466.
Omeji S, Alo JA , Garba AA. Impact of parasites on the haematological and biochemical parameters of selected bagrid species from lower river Benue Nigeria. Int J Vet Sci Anim Husb. 2018; 3(5):23-27.
Hall F, Gray I, Lepkovsky S. The influence of asphyxiation on the blood constituents of marine fishes. J Biol Chem. 1926;67(3):549-554.
Smith LS. Introduction to Fish Physiology. TFH Publications, Inc.; 1982. 256 p.
Nagaraju C and Rajashekhar A. Influence of Acanthocephala parasite on haematological changes in Labeorohita of Veeranna Cheruvu, Hasnapur, Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India. Int J Sci Res Sci Technol. 2018; 4(2): 315-325.
Rocha M, Jerônimo G, Costa O, Malta JC, Martins M, Maciel P, Chagas E. Changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum ) parasitized by metazoan species. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2018; 27(4):1-7.
Woo PTK. Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 1. Protozoan and MetazoanInfections.: CAB International, Wallingford, UK; 1995. 768 p.
Ahmed S and Ali A. Serum proteins and leucocytes differential count in the common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) infested with ectoparasites. Mesopot J Mar Sci. 2013; 28(2):151-162.
Magnadottir B, Gisladottir B, Audunsdottir SS, Bragason BT. Humoral response in early stages of infection of cod (Gadusmorhua L.) with atypical furunculosis. Icel Agric Sci. 2010; 23(1):23-35.
López-Dóriga MV and Martínez JL. Ultrastructure of fish cells involved in cellular defences against Saprolegnia infections: evidence of non-leucocytic nature. Dis Aquat Org. 1998; 32(2): 111-117.
Joshi B. Biochemical changes in the liver and blood of a freshwater fish, Rita rita, infested with a trematode Opisthorchis pedicellata. Folia Parasitol. 1979; 26: 143-144.
George PV and Nadakal AM. Observations on the intestinal pathology of the marine fish, Rachycentroncanadus (Gunther) infected with the Acanthocephalid worm, Serrasentisnadakali. Hydrobiologia. 1981; 78(1):59-62.
Mensinger AF, Walsh PJ, Hanlon RT. Blood Biochemistry of the Oyster Toadfish. J Aquat Anim Health. 2005; 17(2):170-176.
Bansal D, Bhatti HS, Sehgal R. Role of cholesterol in parasitic infections. Lipids Health Dis. 2005; 4(10):1-7.
Abbas F, Hafeez-ur-Rehman M, Andleeb S, Iqbal K. Biochemical profile of healthy and Lernaea infected major and chinese exotic carps. Pak J Zool SupplSer. 2018; 13:191-198.
Hassan A. Al-Zanbagi NA, Al-Nabati EA. Biochemical Changes in Muscles and Liver in Relation to Helminth Infection of Koshar Fish, Epinephelus summana in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Americal-Eurasiian. J Agric. & Environ Sci. 2015; 15(10):2046-2048.
Matos LV, de Oliveira MIB, Gomes ALS, da Silva GS. Morphological and histochemical changes associated with massive infection by Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae(Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) in the farmed freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, from the Amazon State, Brazil. Parasitol Res. 2017; 116(3):1029-1037.
Iles TD and Wood RJ. The fat/water relationship in North Sea herring (Clupea harengus), and its possible significance. J. Mar. Biolog. Assoc. U.K. 2009; 45(2):353-366.
Linnik VY and Litvyak VS. Amino acidcomposition of the muscle and blood of fish infectedwith trematode metacercariae. (In Russisch) Trudy Beloruss. Nauchno-Issled Inst Eksper Vet. 1980; 18(6):120-123.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
