Characterization and Evaluation of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from <i>Guiera senegalensis</i> Leaf Extract

Ameh B. Amedu; Ahmad Uba; Muhammad Chika; Wasagu R. S. Umar

doi:10.26538/tjnpr/v8i5.34

Authors

Ameh B. Amedu Department of Energy and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Ahmad Uba Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Muhammad Chika Department of Energy and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Life Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Wasagu R. S. Umar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo, University, Sokoto, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i5.34

Keywords:

Antibacterial, Green synthesis, Guiera senegalensis, Silver-nanoparticles, Gram-positive, Gram-negative

Abstract

This study investigates Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae), a widely acknowledged herb in Africa for its medicinal properties against various ailments, including fever, diarrhea, diabetes, dysentery, eczema, malaria, cough, tuberculosis, and its potential to enhance milk production in lactating women. The research focuses on utilizing Guiera senegalensis for synthesizing silver nano-particles (GS-AgNPs), due to its abundance in primary and secondary metabolites. The primary aim is to produce GS-AgNPs and assess their antibacterial efficacy. The synthesis of GS-AgNPs involved mixing a silver salt solution with the water leaf-extract. Characterization of the nanoparticles was conducted using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy with surface-plasmon-resonance (S-P-R) analysis at 390 nanometers (nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (F-T-IR) investigated the identity of the phytochemicals responsible for the green reduction of silver ions. X-ray diffraction (X-RD) confirmed the face-centered-cubic crystallinity of the GS-AgNPs with a mean size (33 nm). The antibacterial potential of GS-AgNPs was evaluated against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) using the Agar-well method. Results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of GS-AgNPs on microbial growth, with zone-of-inhibition (Z-OI) ranging from 4-7 millimeters (mm) to 16-19 mm at concentrations of 10 mg/cm³ and 20 mg/cm³, respectively. In comparison, the aqueous leaf extract exhibited Z-OI between 1.3-6 mm. GS-AgNPs displayed superior antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria when compared to the aqueous leaf extract.

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