Evaluation of the Antidiarrhoeal Activity of the Methanol Pulp Extract and Fractions of Annona muricata Linn (Annonaceae)
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.26
Keywords:
Annona muricata, Antidiarrhoea, Acetylcholine, Gastrointestinal motility, Rabbit jejunumAbstract
Diarrhoea is among the foremost preventable causes of death in developing nations, affecting primarily children and newborns. The study was designed to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract and fractions of the pulp of Annona muricata. The methanol extract andfractions of the pulp of A. muricata were evaluated for antidiarrhoeal effect using a gastrointestinal motility test, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, castor oil-induced enteropooling and isolated rabbit jejunum. Acute toxicity test and preliminary phytochemical screening were also performed on the methanol extract. Phytochemical screening of the crude extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. There was no death or signs of acute toxicity even at the maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg. The hexanefraction (25 mg/kg) and methanol extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited gastrointestinal motility. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the number of watery diarrhoea produced in groups treated with the methanol extract (100 mg/kg) as well as the fractions (100 mg/kg). The volume of intestinal content was ignificantly (p < 0.01) reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the methanol extract and fractions. The methanol fraction (100mg/kg) produced the highest inhibition (69.71%) in castor oil-induced enteropooling. The methanol and hexane fractions attenuated the rhythmic contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum. The findings demonstrated that the methanol extract of A. muricata and its solvent fractions have antidiarrhoeal activity, validating the folklore use of pulp for diarrhoea therapy.
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