Botanical and Bio-active Markers of Nigerian Bitter Honey
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i11.17
Keywords:
Mineral element, Proximate composition, Palynology, Phytochemicals, Bitter honeyAbstract
Honey is a central medium wherein plant-based chemicals are expressed. Its pharmacological value usually varies from one vegetal origin to another. The botanical features of the Nigerian bitter honey sample are an enigma. This study aimed at characterizing the actual botanical source of Nigerian bitter honey to establish a relationship between the plant precursor of its bioactive components and potential health benefit or otherwise. Bitter honey was harvested in August, 2018. Melissopalynology analysis was done via acetolysis and microscopic assessment. Phytochemicals, proximate compositions were determined using standard methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to analyze calcium, zinc, iron, and phosphorus while potassium and sodium were analysed using flame photometery. All data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on Graph Pad Prism version
5.03. Pollen samples of medicinal plants such as Elaeis guineensis, Irvingia gabonensis, Chromolaena odorata, Blighia sapida, Canavalia ensiformis e.t.c were recovered from the bitter honey (BH). Alkaloid is the most abundant phytochemical and may be a determinant of
its predominant therapeutic significance. The BH contained moisture (15.53 ± 0.22), ash (0.86 ± 0.02), protein (5.95 ± 0.02), carbohydrate (77.66 ± 0.23), energy (334.44 ± 0.80), specific gravity (1.43 ± 0.0007) and pH (3.38 ± 0.0033). Calcium was the most abundant mineral,
followed by potassium, sodium, phosphorus, ron, and Zinc. The bitter honey used for this study is multi-floral. The botanical source of the bitter honey suggests that the bitter honey is a promising new source of essential nutraceuticals which may be relevant in modulating various disease pathways.
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