Acute and Sub-Acute Effects of Morinda lucida Benth Stem Bark Methanolic Extract on Blood Cytometry, Blood Chemistry and Histoarchitecture of Wistar Rats
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i4.26
Keywords:
Morinda lucida Benth, Biochemical parameters, Haematological, Histoarchitectural indicesAbstract
Morinda lucida Benth is a valuable plant used in traditional medicine for the management of diarrhea, dysentery, malaria and other illnesses. The study evaluated the safety of Morinda lucida stem bark methanol extract (MLSE) in Wistar rats. The stem part was air-dried and extracted by maceration in 70% methanol. Phytochemical compounds in MLSE were determined by qualitative methods and Gas chromatography/Mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The single oral dose and repeated 28-day oral toxicity were employed for acute and sub-acute toxicity studies respectively. Signs of convulsion, sedation, lacrimation, changes in fur, respiratory distress and mortality were recorded. Alterations in haematological, biochemical and histoarchitectural indices were investigated. Phytochemical analysis on MLSE confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols and glycosides. Hexadecenoic acid, oleic acid and its derivatives and two anthraquinones, digitolutein and rubiadin 1-methyl ether were detected. There was no mortality at doses ≤5000 mg/kg of MLSE. Treatment with MLSE significantly increased (p<0.05) percentage mean body weight gain in rats. However, percentage mean relative weight of the liver, kidney, heart of the rats that received MLSE were not significantly different (p>0.05), compared to control. MLSE did not adversely affect haematological parameters investigated. There was no derangement in fasting blood sugar, serum electrolytes, biochemical parameters and liver enzymes of rats treated with MLSE. Histopathology of target organs showed no relevant anatomical change. The findings indicate that Morinda lucida stem bark methanol extract was non-toxic at oral doses ≤5000 mg/kg and thus represents a potentially valuable product for further investigations.
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