Anti-nociceptive Activity of Combined Methanol Extract of Edible Fruit Pulps of some Medicinal Plants
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v4i4.4
Keywords:
Anti-nociception, fruit pulps,, methanol extract,, recipe,, rats,, mice.Abstract
The fruit pulps from Adansonia digitata, Hyphaene thebaica, Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi are consumed locally in North-East Nigeria and are regarded as analgesics singly and as a recipe in folkloric use. This study investigated the anti-nociceptive properties of the combined methanol extract of the fruit pulps from these plants. Equal amount (200 g) of each fruit pulp was used to prepare methanol extract of the recipe. Standard methods were used for phytochemical analysis and LD50 determination. Acetic acid-induced writhing, analgesiometer and formalin test were used to study the anti-nociceptive activities in rats and mice at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. The LD50 values were greater than 5000 mg/kg in both rats and mice using oral and intraperitoneal routes respectively. There was significant (p < 0.05) dose dependent anti-nociceptive activity at 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg in acetic acid induced writhing, analgesiometer and second phase of formalin test. The recipe’s activity was greater than that of diclofenac (control) in writhing test at 200 mg/kg and analgesiometer test at 400 mg/kg. The methanol extract of the fruit pulps recipe was safe and had dose-dependent anti- nociceptive activities in laboratory animals supporting the folkloric use of these fruits and recipe in the treatment of pain.
References
Meshram GG, Kumar A, Rizvi W, Tripathi CD, Khan RA. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts
of the leaves of Albizzia lebbeck in rats. J Trad Compl Med. 2016; 6:172-175.
Ahmad F, Khan RA, Rasheed R. Study of Analgesic and Anti Inflammatory Activity from Plant Extracts of Lactuca Scariola and Artemisia Absinthium. J Islam Acad Sci. 1992; 5(2):111-114.
Burke A, Smyth E, FitzGerald GA. Analgesic-antipyretic and anti- inflammatory agents; pharmacotherapy of gout. In: Brunton LL, Laso JS, Parker K. (Eds.). Goodman’s and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of Therapeutics. (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill companies Inc; 2006. 671-701 p.
Chorousus GP. Adrenocorticosteroids and adrenocortical antagonists. In: Katzung BG (Eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill companies Inc; 2012. 697-711 p.
WHO. General TRM/guidelines for methodologies on research and evaluation of traditional medicine WHO/EDM/ 2000.1. World Health Organization, Geneva. 2000.
Adzu B, Haruna AK. Studies on the use of Zizyphus spina-christi against pain in rats and mice. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007; 6(11):1317- 1324.
Anani K, Hudso JB, De Souzal C, Akpaganal K, Tower GHN, Amason TJ, Gbeassor M. Investigation of medicinal plant of Togo for antiviral and antimicrobial activities. Pharmacol Biol. 2009; 38:40-45.
Abalaka ME, Daniyan SY, Mann A. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of two Ziziphus species (Ziziphus mauritiana L. and Ziziphus spina-christi L.) on some microbial pathogens. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010; 4(4):135-139.
Asgarpanah J and Haghighat E. Phytochemistry and pharmacologic properties of Ziziphus spina christi (L.) Willd. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012; 6(31):2332-2339.
Orijajogun OJ, Olajide OO, Fatokun AO, Orishadipe AT, Batari ML. The preliminary chemical constituent and free radical scavenging activities of the exocarp of the fruit extract of African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don). Intl J Res Pharm Sci. 2012; 3(3):72-78.
Bukar AM, Kyari MZ, Gwaski PA, Gudusu M, Kuburi FS, Abadam YI. Evaluation of phytochemical and potential antibacterial activity of Ziziphus spina-christi L. against some medically important pathogenic bacteria obtained from University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State - Nigeria. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2015; 3(5):98-101.
Osman IAM. Anthelmintic activity of extracts from three putative medicinal plants against caprine haemonchosis. PhD Thesis University of Khartoum, Sudan. 2010.
Muhammad IU, Jarumi IK, Alhassan AJ, Wudil AM, Dangambo MA. Acute toxicity and hypoglycemic activity of aqueous fruit pulp extract of Adansonia digitata L. (Afpead) on alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 2016; 6(3):1-6.
Shehu BB, Zanna H, Tukur MA. Effect of methanolic extract of the fruit pulp of Hyphaene thebaica (L) mart on some heamatological parameters and organ histology in Rats. Afr J Biomed Res. 2017; (20):203- 207.
CIOMS: Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences. 1211 Geneva, 27, Switzerland, c/o W.H.O. 1985.
Lin J, Opuku AR, Geheeb-Keller M, Hutchings AD, Terblanche SE, Jager AK van Staden J. Preliminary screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 68:267-274.
Usman H, Abdulrahman FI, Kaita HA, Khan IZ. Antibacterial assays of the solvents partitioned portions of methanol stem bark extract of Bauhinia rufescens Lam [Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae]. Pac J Sci Tech. 2009; 10(2):857-867.
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, London: Chapman and Hall; 1988. 277 p.
Evans WC. Textbook of Pharmacognosy. (15th ed.). London: WB Saunders Co Ltd; 2002. 24-28 p.
Sofowora EA. Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa. (3rd ed.). Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum books Ltd; 2008. 117-139, 195- 248 p.
OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Harmonized Integrated Classification System for Human Health and Environment Hazards of Chemical Substances and Mixtures. EN V/JM/MONO. 2001.
Turner RA. Screening methods in Pharmacology. (Vol.1). New York: Academy press. 1965.
Hernandez-Perez M, Rabanal RM, Camaandela-Torre M, Rodriguez B. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and haematological effects of aethiopinone, an O-napthoquinone ditherpenoid from Saliva aethiopis roots and two hemisynthetic derivativrs. Planta Med. 1995; 61:505-509.
Randall LO and Selitto JJ. A method for measurement of analgesic activity on inflamed tissue. Achiev Int Pharm. 1957; 111:409-419.
Adzu B, Chindo BA, Tarfa FD, Salawu OA, Igoli OJ. Isolation and analgesic property of lupeol from Diospyros mespiliformis stem bark. J Med Plants Res. 2015; 9(30):813-819.
Hunskar S and Hole, K. The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. Pain. 1987; 30:103-114.
Graphpad Prism® version 4.00 for windows 95, Graphpad Software, San Diego California USA. 2003. Available from www.graphpad.com
Middleton EJR, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells. Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 2000; 52:673-751.
Limongelli V, Bonomi M, Marinelli L, Gervasio FL, Cavalli A, Novellino E, Parrinello M. Molecular basis of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs) selective inhibition. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2010; 107(12):5411-5416. Available from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2851773/
Cao H, Yu R, Choi Y, Ma ZZ, Zhang H, Xiang W, Lee DY, Berman BM, Moudgil KD, Fong HHS, van Breeman RB. Discovery of cyclooxygenase inhibitors from medicinal plants used to treat inflammation. Pharmacol Res. 2010; 61(6):519-524. Available from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860736/
de Sa PGS, Nunes XP, de Lima JT, Filho JAS, Fontana AP, Jide SS, Quintans-Junior LJ, Damasceno PK, Branco CR, Branco A, Almeida JR. Antinociceptive effect of ethanolic extract of Selaginella convoluta in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012; 12:187.
Gene RM, Segura L, Adzet T, Marin E, Inglesias J. Heterotheca inuloides: anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60:157-162.
Hossain CF, Al-Amin M, Md. Sayem AS, Siragee IH, Tunan AM, Hassan F, Kabir MM, Sultana GNN. Antinociceptive principle from Curcuma Aeruginosa. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 15:191.
Le Bars D, Gozariu M, Cadden SW. Animal models of nociception. Pharmacol Rev. 2001; 53:597-652.
Melo MGD, Araújo AAS, Rocha CPL, Almeida EMSA, Siqueira RS, Bonjardim LR, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Purification, physicochemical properties, thermal analysis and antinociceptive effect of atranorin extracted from Cladina kalbii. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008; 31(10):1977- 1980.
Di Rosa M, Givoud JP, Wiloughby DA. Studies of the mediators of acute inflammatory responses induced in rats in different sites by carrageenan and turpentine. J Pathol. 1971; 104:15-29.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
