Effects of Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. Leaf on Monosodium Glutamate and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Wistar Rat
doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i6.21
Keywords:
Obesity, Monosodium glutamate, Aframomum melegueta, High fat dietAbstract
Overweight and obesity are described as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation which presents a serious health risk. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, are believed to possess potential anti-obesity agents. This study investigated the effects of aqueous leaf extract of A. melegueta on monosodium glutamate (MSG) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in Wistar rats with a view to employing the plant as a new class of anti-obesity agent. The Wistar rats (65) of both sexes were randomly grouped into 13 (n = 5). Thereafter, obesity was induced via subcutaneous injection of MSG (2 and 4 mg/g bwt) in the rat neonates and HFD using three models. The rats were then treated with A. melegueta extract (200 and 400 mg/kg bwt); and the concentrations of insulin, leptin, lipid (total triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were determined spectrophotometrically. Also lipase activity, cardiac, and atherogenic indices were etermined. Results showed that the administration of MSG and HFD caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in insulin-leptin levels and lipase activity. However, the parameters were significantly reduced when treated with the extract. The alterations in lipid profile, atherogenic, and cardiac indices in obese rats were restored to near normal following the administration of the extract. The study concluded that A. melegueta leaf possessed anti-obesity property; justifying its use in folk medicine.
References
Mohammed BS. Absence of an effect of liposuction on insulin action and risk factors for coronary heart disease. New Engl J Med. 2015; 350:2549–2557.
Steven BH and Thomas AW. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. New Engl J Med. 2017; 376:254-266.
Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Peters JC. Energy balance and obesity. Circul. 2012; 126(1):126-132.
Yanovski SZ and Yanovski JA. Long-term drug treatment for obesity: A systematic and clinical review. J Am Med Assoc. 2014; 311(1):74-86.
Sugita J, Yoneshiro T, Hatano T, Aita S, Ikemoto T, Uchiwa H, Iwanaga T, Kameya T, Kawai Y, Saito M. Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men. Br J Nutr. 2013; 110(4):733-738.
Doherty VF, Olaniran OO, Kanife UC. Antimicrobial activities of Aframomum melegueta. Int J Biol. 2010; 2:126-131.
Oladunmoye MK and Kehinde FY. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in treating viral infections among Yoruba tribe of South Western Nigeria. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2011; 5:2991-3004.
Kokou I, Damintoti KS, Amegnona A, Yao A, Messanvi G. Effect of Aframomum melegueta on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013; 3(9):98-102.
Oyedapo OO and Amos S. Further investigation into the activities of the root extract of Plumbago zaylanica. Phytother Res. 1997; 11:62-63.
Campos-Sep´ulveda AE, Ayala-Guerrero F, Rubio-Poo C, Rom´an-Ramos R. Neonatal monosodium glutamate increases ethanol susceptibility ffect in adult mice. In: Proc Western Pharmacol Soc. 2002; 45:44–46.
Penka A, Nikolay B, Katerina G. Effects of the application of a high-fat-carbohydrate diet without additional cholesterol for the inducement of metabolic syndrome in rats. Am Int J Contemp Res. 2013; 3(9):1-9.
Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriaciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR. Serum immunoreactive leptin concentration in normal-weight and obese humans. New Engl J Med. 1996; 334:292-295.
Kullin M, Li Z, Bondo HJ, Welsh N, Karlsson FA, Sandler S. Protection of rat pancreatic islets by potassium channel openers against alloxan, sodium nitroprusside and interleukin-1beta mediated suppression--possible involvement of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
Diabetol. 2003; 46:80-88.
Lobato NS, Filgueira FP, Akamine EH, Davel AP, Rossoni, LV, Tostes RC. Obesity induced by neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate impairs microvascular reactivity in adult rats: role of NO and prostanoids. Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis. 2011; 21(10):808–16.
Bode SO and Oyedapo OO. Biological activities and phytoconstituents of the lower plant Platycerium anglolense, Welwex Hook. J Med Plants Res. 2011; 5:1321-1329.
Richmond N. Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocadia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. J Chem. 1973; 1(9):135.
Tietz NW. Colorimetric method of triglyceride estimation. In Clinical guide to laboratory tests. 2nd ed. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA. 1990; 554-556p.
Afolabi IS, Akuiyibo SM, Rotimi SO, Adeyemi AO. In vivo evaluation of lipid and antioxidants qualities of Carica papaya seed oil. J Nat Prod. 2011; 4:125-135.
Ademuyiwa O, Ugbaja RN, Rotimi, SO. Plasma lipid profile, atherogenic and coronary risk indices in some residents of Abeokuta in south-western Nigeria. Biokem. 2008; 20(2):85-91.
Zhu X, Yu L, Zhon H, Ma Q, Zhou X, Lei T. Artherogenic index of plasma is a novel and better biomarker associated with obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in China. Lipids in Healths Dis. 2018; 17:37-42.
Vorderwiilbecke T, Kieslich K, Erdmann H. Comparison of lipases by different assays. Enzyme Microb Tech. 1992; 14:631-639.
Pepino MY, Finkbeiner S, Beauchamp GK, Mennella JA. Obese women have lower monosodium glutamate taste sensitivity and prefer higher concentrations than do normalweight women. Obes. 18:959-965.
Oluba OM, Onyeneke EC, Idonije BO, Eidangbe GO. Effect of soy protein on monosodium glutamate (msg)-induced obesity in rats. Asian J Pharm Biol Res. 2011; 1(1):8-14.
Insawang T, Selmi C, Cha'on U, et al. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake is associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural Thai population. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012; 9(1):50.
Kretschmer BD, Schelling P, Beier N, Liebscher C, Treutel S, Krüger N. Modulatory role of food, feeding regime and physical exercise on body weight and insulin resistance. Life Sci. 2004; 76(14):1553-1573.
Chidrawar VR, Patel KN, Bothra SB, Shiromwar SS, Koli AR, Kalyankar GG. Anti-obesity effect of Stellaria media methanolic extract in the murine model of cafeteria diet induced obesity. Internat J Nutr Pharmacol Neurol Dis. 2012; 2:121-31.
Ohkoshi E, Miyazaki H, Shindo K, Watanabe H, Yoshida A, Yajima H. Constituents from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera stimulate lipolysis in the white adipose tissue of mice. Planta Med. 2007; 73:1255-1259.
Dolnikoff M, Martin–Hidalgo A, Machado UF, Lima FB, Herrera E. Decreased lipolysis and enhanced glycerol and glucose utilization by adipose tissue prior to development of obesity in Monosodium glutamate (MSG) treated rats. Int J Obes Related Metabol Disord. 2001; 25:426-433.
Nakagawa T, Ukai K, Ohyama T, Gomita Y, Okamura H. Effects of chronic administration of sibutramine on body weight, food intake and motor activity in neonatally monosodium glutamate-treated obese female rats: relationship of antiobesity effect with monoamines.
Experimental Animals. 2000; 49:239-249.
Rotimi OA, Olayiwola IO, Ademuyiwa O, Balogun AE. Effects of fibre-enriched diets on tissue lipid profiles of MSG obese rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012; 50:4062–4067.
Fernandes G, Arena A, Campos K, Volpato G, AnselmoFranci J, Damasceno D, Kempinas W. Glutamate-induced obesity leads to decreased sperm reserves and acceleration of transit time in the epididymis of adult male rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012; 10:105-110.
Klop B, Elte JWF, Cabezas MC. Dyslipidemia in obesity: mechanisms and potential targets. Nutr. 2013; 5:1218–1240.
Hamdy AM and Khaled AA. Modulatory effect of green tea on lipid metabolism and brain neurotransmitters of obese mice model. Clujul Med. 2012; 85:347-352.
Boran k, Pathak NS, Borah P, Hussain MI, Das D. Association of apolipoprotein A- I gene polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease risk factors and atherogenic indices in patient patients from Assam, Northeast India, Balikan. J Med Genet. 2017; 20:59-70.
Yang SH, Du Y, Li XL, Zhang Y, Li S, Xu RX. Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and cardiovascular events in diabetics with coronary artery disease. Am J Med Sci. 2017; 354:17-24.
Murray MT and Pizzorno J. Cholesterol. In: Encyclopedia of Nat Med 2nd ed. 1998; 347–400.
Lee CL, Wen JY, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Monascus-fermented yellow pigments monascin and ankaflavin showed antiobesity effect via the suppression of differentiation and lipogenesis in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. J Agric Food Chem. 2013; 61:1493-1500.
Reddy PV and Urooj A. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (ex vivo) by Morus indica (Mulberry). Chines J Biol. 2014; 1-5.
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore RK. Pharmacology 6th ed Edinburgh: Churchill livingstone; 2007; 333p.
Ito Y, Ichikawa T, Morohoshi Y, Nakamura T, Saegusa Y, Ishihara K. Effect of tea catechins on body fat accumulation in rats fed a normal diet. Biomed Res. 2008; 29:27-32.
Min SW and Kim DH. Kakkalide and irisolidone: HMGCoA reductase inhibitors isolated from the flower of Pueraria thunbergiana. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007; 10:1965-1968.
Espinosa J, Medeiros LF, Souza A, Güntzel ARC, Rücker B, Casali EA, Ethur E, Wink MR, Torres IL. Ethanolic extract of Casearia sylvestris Sw exhibits in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and in vivo hypolipidemic effect in rats. Revista Brasileira de Plant Med. 2015; 17:305-315.
Jung UJ and Cho M. Obesity and its metabolic complications: the role of adipokines and the relationship between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2014; 15:6184-6223.
Asdaq SMB. Antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential of aged garlic extract and its constituent, s-allyl cysteine, in rats. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med. 2015; 1:1-7.
Lotito SB and Frei B. Dietary flavonoids attenuate tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells. Structure-function relationships and activity after first pass metabolism. J Biol Chem. 2006; 281:37102-37110.
Crosignani A, Zuin M, Allocca M, Del Puppo, M.Oxysterols in bile acid metabolism. Clin Chim Acta. 2011;412:2037-2045.
Brennan AM and Mantzoros CS. Drug insight: the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology- emerging clinical applications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2006; 2:318-327.
Garg A. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and lipodystrophy. Clinical Cornerstone. 2006; 8:S7-S13.
Staiger H and Haring HU. Adipocytokines: fat-derived humoral mediators of metabolic homeostasis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diab. 2005; 113:67-79.
Van Dielen FM, Veer C, Buurman WA, Greve JWM. Leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels in obese and weight-losing individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2002; 87:1708-1716.
Jang IS, Hwang DY, Chae KR. Role of dietary fat type in the development of adiposity from dietary obesitysusceptible Sprague–Dawley rats. Br J Nutr. 2003; 89:429-437.
Jen KL, Buison A, Pellizzon M. Differential effects of fatty acids and exercise on body weight regulation and metabolism in female Wistar rats. Exp Biol Med. 2003; 228:843-849.
Lopez MJ, Diaz SM, Salas A. Oleoyl-estrone induces massive loss of body weight in Zucker fa/fa rats fed a highenergy hyperlipidemic diet. J Nutr Biochem. 2000; 11:530–535.
Karagozlu M, Kim M, Lee M. Citrus Peel Ethanol Extract Inhibits the Adipogenesis Caused from High Fat-Induced DIO Model. Food Nutr Sci 2016; 7:8-19.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
