Effects of Selected Terminalia and Ficus Species in the Inhibition of α-Amylase and α- Glucosidase Enzymes
http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i8.31
Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, Ficus, TerminaliaAbstract
Some Ficus and Terminalia species are relevant in the management of diabetes mellitus but their antidiabetic principles and mechanism of action are yet to be investigated. This study was aimed at investigating the inhibitory potential of ten ethnobotanically selected Ficus and Terminalia species against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The methanol extracts of ten selected
plants from Ficus and Terminalia genera were tested for their inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using colorimetric assay. Acarbose was used as the standard. Percentage inhibition was determined and IC50 value was calculated by analyzing dose-response data using non-linear regression with the aid of GraphPad
prism® (7). The result showed that six plant extracts inhibited α-amylase enzyme while all the ten extracts displayed inhibition against glucosidase enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner. Terminalia mollis, F. capensis, and F. vogelli leaf extracts showed significant (p<0.05) inhibitory activity on α-amylase enzyme with IC50 of 344.47±4.66, 343.73±6.13; and 1630.67±2.85 µg/mL, respectively, compared to other extracts. A significant inhibitory activity of these extracts was also observed against α-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 of 6.482±0.61, 11.36±1.01, and 78.47±1.94 µg/mL, respectively, compared to acarbose IC50 2584±9.61 µg/mL. The results from this
investigation justify the folkloric usage of these plants for the management of diabetes mellitus. Hence, further investigation is ongoing to isolate and characterize the antidiabetic principles from T. mollis, and F. capensis methanolic leaf extracts.
References
Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, Song X, Ren Y, Shan PF. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020;10(1):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9
Pattanaik SR, Shah P, Baker A, Sinha N, Kumar N, Swami OC. Implications of postprandial hyperglycaemia and role of voglibose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2018;12(4):OE08-OE12.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edn. Brussels B 2021. A at: https://www. diabetesatlas. or. IDF Diabetes Atlas (Internet) [Internet]. 2017. 1–150 p. Available from: www.diabetesatlas.org
Li M, Song LJ, Qin XY. Advances in the cellular immunological pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. J Cell Mol Med. 2014;18(5):749–58.
WHO Global Report. Global Report on Diabetes. Isbn [Internet]. 2016;978:11. Available from: http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/index.html%0Ahttp://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/index.html%0Ahttp://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/index.html%0Ahttps://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204871%0Ahttp://www.who.int
Zimmet P, Alberti KGMM, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature. 2001;414(6865):782–7.
Faruqui A. Post Prandial Hyperglycemia : A Real Threat for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. 2017;5(3):43–51.
Maffettone A, Rinaldi M, Fontanella A. Postprandial hyperglycemia: A new frontier in diabetes management? Ital J Med. 2018;12(2):108–15.
Gopalratnam Raman P. Management of Postprandial Blood Glucose in Diabetes Mellitus. Arch Diabetes Obes. 2018;1(5):98–101.
Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: Variations with increasing levels of HbA1c. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):881–5.
Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study. Br Med J. 2000;321(7258):405–12.
Madsbad S. Impact of postprandial glucose control on diabetes-related complications: How is the evidence evolving? J Diabetes Complications [Internet]. 2016;30(2):374–85. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.019
Gong L, Feng D, Wang T, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang J. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase: Potential linkage for whole cereal foods on prevention of hyperglycemia. Food Sci Nutr. 2020 Dec 1;8(12):6320–37.
Ali H, Houghton PJ, Soumyanath A. α-Amylase inhibitory activity of some Malaysian plants used to treat diabetes; with particular reference to Phyllanthus amarus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006;107(3):449–55.
Kim JS, Kwon CS, Son KH. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and amylase by luteolin, a flavonoid. Biosci BiotechBiochem. 2000;64(11):2458–61.
Shim YJ, Doo HK, Ahn SY, Kim YS, Seong JK, Park IS, Min BH. Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from the gall of Rhus chinensis on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial blood glucose. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(2–3):283–7.
Adefegha SA, Oboh G. Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water extractable phytochemicals from some tropical spices. Pharm Biol. 2012;50(7):857–65.
Salehi P, Asghari B, Esmaeili M, Dehghan H, Ghazi I. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of ten plant extracts traditionally used in Iran for diabetes. J.Med Plant Res. 2013 Feb 7:257-266
Laoufi H, Benariba N, Adjdir S, Djaziri R. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Ononis angustissima extracts. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2017;7(2):191–8.
Karakaya S, Gözcü S, Güvenalp Z, Özbek H, Yuca H, Dursunoğlu B, Kazas C, Kiliç CS. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the dichloromethane extracts and constituents of Ferulago bracteata roots. Pharm Biol. 2018 Jan 1;56(1):18–24.
Tao Y, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Rapid screening and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves using enzyme-immobilized magnetic beads coupled with HPLC/MS and NMR. Biomed Chromatogr. 2013 Feb;27(2):148–55.
Imieje VO, Onochie CF, Nwaka B, Falodun A. In vitroAntioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Extracts of the Stem Bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis (Harms) Mimosaceae. Vol. 6, Trop J Nat Pro Res. 2022. p. 1858–63.
Gong L, Feng D, Wang T, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang J. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase: Potential linkage for whole cereal foods on prevention of hyperglycemia. Food Sci Nutr. 2020;8(12):6320–37.
Li K, Yao F, Xue Q, Fan H, Yang L, Li X, Sun L, Liu Y. Inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase and α-amylase of the flavonoids-rich extract from Scutellaria baicalensis shoots and interpretation of structure–activity relationship of its eight flavonoids by a refined assign-score method. Chem Cent J. 2018;12(1):1–11.
Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Inhibitory potential of herb, fruit, and fungal-enriched cheese against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2007;8(1):46–54.
Nonso Iheagwam F, Elizabeth Dania O, Michael-Onuoha HC, Olujoke Ogunlana O, Nwodo Chinedu S. Antidiabetic Activities of Terminalia Species in Nigeria. In: Alternative Medicine - Update [Internet]. IntechOpen; 2021. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/alternativemedicine-update/antidiabetic-activities-of-em-terminaliaem-species-in-nigeria
Olaokun OO, McGaw LJ, Eloff JN, Naidoo V. Evaluation of the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes, antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content of extracts of ten African Ficus species (Moraceae) used traditionally to treat diabetes. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13.
Shai LJ, Masoko P, Mokgotho MP, Magano SR, Mogale AM. Yeast alpha glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of six medicinal plants collected in Phalaborwa , South Africa. South African J Bot [Internet]. 2010;76(3):465–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.03.002
Amiri A, Azemi ME, Khodayar MJ, Namjoyan F. In vitro α-Amylase and α- Glucosidases inhibitory effects of some plant extracts. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res. 2015;7(2):315–8.
Mikailu S, Abo KA. Antidiabetic Activity of the Leaves of Ficus sur Forssk ( Moraceae ) on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. 2018;4929.
Kwon Y, Apostolidis E, Kim Y, Shetty K. Health Benefits of Traditional Corn , Beans , and Pumpkin : In Vitro Studies for Hyperglycemia and Hypertension Management. 2007;10(2):266–75.
Falodun A, Siraj R, Choudhary MI. GC-MS analysis of insecticidal leaf essential oil of Pyrenacantha staudtii Hutch and Dalz (Icacinaceae). Trop J Pharm Res. 2009;8(2):139–43.
Okolie NP aulinu., Falodun A, Davids O. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of root extract of pepper fruit (Dennetia tripetala), and it’s potential for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2014;11(3):221–7.
Achi NK, Onyeabo C, Ekeleme-egedigwe CA, Onyeanula JC. Phytochemical , Proximate Analysis , Vitamin and Mineral Composition of Aqueous Extract of Ficus capensisleaves in South Eastern Nigeria. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2017;7(3):117–22.
Igile GO, Utin IC, Iwara IA, Mgbeje BIA, Ebong PE. Ethanolic Extract of Ficus vogelii Ameliorates Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Albino Wistar Rats. Int J Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology. 2015;2(6):88–93.
Rajesh BR, Potty VP, Sreelekshmy S.G. @IJAPSA-2016, All rights Reserved Study of Total phenol, Flavonoids, Tannin contents and phytochemical screening of various crude extracts of Terminalia catappa leaf, stem bark and fruit. 2016;291–6.
Zhu J, Chen C, Zhang B, Huang Q. The inhibitory effects of flavonoids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2020;60(4):695–708. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1548428
Alqahtani AS, Hidayathulla S, Rehman MT, Elgamal AA, Al-Massarani S, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Alqahtani MS, EI Did RA, Alajmi MF. Alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential of 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid isolated from Nuxia
oppositifolia. Biomolecules. 2020 Jan 1;10(1).
Rasouli H, Hosseini-Ghazvini SMB, Adibi H, Khodarahmi R. Differential α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of plant-derived phenolic compounds: A virtual screening perspective for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Food Funct. 2017;8(5):1942–54.
Zhao DG, Zhou AY, Du Z, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Ma YY. Coumarins with α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities from the flower of Edgeworthia gardneri. Fitoterapia [Internet]. 2015;107:122–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2015.10.012
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research (TJNPR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
