Antimalarial Activities of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Setaria megaphylla(Willd.) Loes. in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice http://www.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v6i9.28
Main Article Content
Abstract
Setaria megaphylla (Steud) Dur&Schinz (Poaceae), a perennial grass used traditionally in the
treatment of various diseases such as malaria was screened for antiplasmodial activity.The
leaves extract (200–600 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and
methanol; 400 mg/kg) were investigated for suppressive, prophylactic, and curative antimalarial
activities against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in Swiss albino
mice.Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) were used as positive
controls.Thin films made from tail blood of each of the mice were used to assess the level of
parasitaemia of the mice. The extract/fractions progressively reduced parasitaemia induced by
chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infection in suppressive (11.12–46.94%), prophylactic (19.20
–47.96%) and curative (20.65–75.06%) models in mice. These reductions were statistically
significant (p<0.01–0.001). They also improved significantly (p<0.01–0.001) the mean survival
time (MST) from 13.33 to 18.60 d in suppressive, 10.33 to 26.00 in prophylactic and 12.50 to
22.66 days in curative models relative to respective controls. The activities of extract/fractions
were not comparable to that of the standard drugs used (chloroquine and pyrimethamine) in all
the models.The leaf of S. megaphylla may possess antimalarial effect which may in part be
mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
Keywords:Setaria megaphylla, Antimalarial, Malaria, Plasmodium berghei.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
World Health Organisation World Malaria reports.www.
who. Int/publications /m/item/WHO-HTM-GMP-2020.08
Van Oudtshoorn FP. Guide to Grasses of South Africa.
Briza Publications, Cape Town,1999.
Okokon JE, Ubulom PM, Udokpoh AE. Antiplasmodial
activity of Setaria megaphylla. Phytother Res. 2007; 21:366
– 368.
Okokon JE, Okokon PJ, Sahal D. In vitro antiplasmodial
activity of some medicinal plants from Nigeria. Int J Herbal
Med. 2017; 5(5):102–109.
Okokon JE, Davies K, Lekara J, Iwara K, Thomas P, Li WW. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of solvents
fractions of Setaria megaphylla and its phytochemical
characterisation.Phytomedicine Plus.2022; 2(2022):100182.
Okokon JE, Antia BS, Ita BN. Antiiflammatory and
antinociceptive effects of ethanolic extract of Setaria
megaphylla leaves in rodents. Afr J Biomed Res. 2006;
:229-233.
Okokon JE, Dar A, Choudhary MI. Immunomodulatory,
cytotoxic and antileishmanial activities of Setaria
megaphylla. Int J Phytomed, 2013; 4:155-160.
Okokon JE, Otuikor JE, Davies K. Psychopharmacological
study on ethanol leaf extract of Setaria megaphylla. Afr J
PharmacolTherapeut, 2017; 6(4):166-172.
Okokon JE, Davies K, Lekara J, Iwara K, Kumar H.Effect
of solvents leaf fractions of Setaria megaphylla on alpha
amylase and alpha glucosidase activities in rats. Advan
Pharmaceut J. 2021; 6(4):111-115.
Atanu FO, Idih FM, Nwonuma CO, Hetta HF,Alamery S,
and Batiha GE. Evaluation of antimalarial potential of
extracts from Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya in
Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2021,
Article ID 2599191, 2021; 11 pages.
Ali BH, Mohammed I, Muhammed MA, Mohammed SY,
Garba D, Busola OA, Khadijah II, Manager MM.
Evaluation of in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the
methanol root bark extract and fractions of Bombax
costatum (Bombacacea) in Plasmodium berghei-infected
mice. Trop J Nat Prod Res, 2022; 6(6):926-930.
Okokon JE, Opara KN, Udobang JA, Bankhede H. In vivo
antimalarial and antipyretic activities of leaf extract of
Ananas comosus.Tropical J Nat Prod Res. 2019; 3(7):240-
Evinemi PA, Enemo K, Onah CM, Uzor PF, Omeje EO. In
vivo Antimalarial and GC-MS Studies of Pennisetum
purpureum Leaf Extract and Fractions Trop J Nat Prod Res,
; 6(8):1274-1280.
Tchatat TMB, Jiatsa MCD, Yamthe TLR, Tsouh FPV,
Tsakem NJM, Keumoe R, Mfopa AN, Bakarnga-Via I,
Kamkumo RG, Boyom FK. In vivo antiplasmodial
activity of Terminalia mantaly stem bark aqueous extract
in mice infected by Plasmodium berghei. J Parasitol Res.
; 4580526:1-9.
Okokon JE, Mobley R, Edem UA, Bassey AL, Fadayomi I,
Horrocks P, Drijfhout F, Li WW. In vitro and in vivo
antimalarial activities and chemical profiling of sugarcane
leaves. Science Reports.2022; 41598 Article No: 14391
Doi.Org/10.1038/S41598-022-14391-8.
Melariri P, Campbell W, Etusim P, Smith P. In vitro and in
vivo antimalarial activity of linolenic and linoleic acids
and their methyl esters. Adv Stud Biol. 2012; 4:333–349.
Hatzakis E, Opesenica I, Solaja BA, Stratakis M. Synthesis
of novel polar derivatives of the antimalarial endoperoxides.
Arkivoc. 2007; 8:124–125.
Belay WY, Gurmu AE,Wubneh ZB. Antimalarial activity
of stem bark of Periploca linearifolia during early and
established Plasmodium infection in mice. Evidence-Based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Volume 2018,
Article I1D 4169397, 2018; 7 pages.
Jennings G and Elia M. “Effect of E. coli endotoxin on
temperature, oxygen consumption and brown adipose tissue
thermogenesis in rats and mice,” Biosci Rep. 1987;
(6):517–523.
Surve K, Kulkarni A, Rathod S, Bindu R. Study of
haematological parameters in malaria. Int J Res Med
Sci2017; 5(6):2552-2557.
Saganuwan S, Onyeyili P, Ameh E, Etuk U. In vivo
antiplasmodial activity by aqueous extract of Abrus. Rev
Latinoamer Quím. 2011; 39(1-2):32-44.
Khalili M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Safdari Y. Antihaemolytic
activity of thirty herbal extracts in mouse red blood cells.
Arch Ind Hyg Toxicol 2014; 65(4):399-406.